Josephine colonization

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A project initiated by Emperor Joseph II to settle Germans in newly acquired areas in the east of the Habsburg Monarchy was called Josephine colonization in the Austrian Empire and in East Central Europe .

history

Mainly areas in Galicia were settled . Most of the recruited settlers came from the Palatinate (over 1/3) and southern Germany . For example, Palatinate Swabians settled in Eastern Galicia in 1783 due to Joseph II's settlement patent from September 1781 and founded row villages and daughter settlements there (see e.g. Kalusch in Eastern Galicia, now Ukraine ). The 14,400 settlers or 3,200 families founded 120 predominantly German colonies and 55 settlements with mixed languages. The colonists were mostly grouped according to their creeds. Lutherans made up 47%, Reformed 13%, Mennonites under 1% and Roman Catholics by 39%. The Mennonites were treated as officially Lutherans because for a long time they could not exceed the threshold of 100 families provided for in the Josephine church reforms to found their own congregation. The Mennonite community Kiernica- Lemberg was only founded in 1909 .

The costs totaled around 3,000,000 Austrian guilders , i.e. H. over 900 per family. The colonization did not meet the expectations of the state - instead of the hoped-for craftsmen and specialists, there were mostly poor peasants who were dependent on the state.

Shortly before the First World War , many settlers emigrated to Canada . After the German-Soviet border and friendship treaty of September 28, 1939, the area fell to the Soviet Union . The remaining boilers in the Russian part were evacuated.

literature

  • Raimund Friedrich Kaindl : History of the Germans in the Carpathian countries , Vol. 3: History of the Germans in Galicia, Hungary, Bukowina and Romania from around 1770 to the present . Perthes, Gotha 1911.
  • Henryk Lepucki: Działalność kolonizacyjna Marii Teresy i Józefa II w Galicji 1772–1790: z 9 tablicami i mapą . Kasa im. J. Mianowskiego, Lwów 1938 (Polish, online ).

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ H. Lepucki, 1938, p. 99
  2. ↑ H. Lepucki, 1938, p. 106
  3. ↑ H. Lepucki, 1938, p. 93
  4. ↑ H. Lepucki, 1938, p. 102
  5. ↑ Księgi metrykalne i akta parafii i gmin różnych wyznań i obrządków (Ormianie, Autokefaliczna Cerkiew Prawosławna, Baptyści, Mennonici, Ewangeliczni Chrześcijanie) z terenów tzw. zabużańskich Inwentarz zespołu PL, 1 456 ( pl ) agad.gov.pl.
  6. ↑ H. Lepucki, 1938, p. 117