Juan de Zumarraga

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Juan de Zumarraga

Juan de Zumárraga OFM (* around 1468 in Durango , Province of Vizcaya ; † June 3, 1548 in Mexico City ) was the first Spanish Archbishop of Mexico .

Life

Juan de Zumarraga

Zumárraga was born in the province of Vizcaya , joined the Franciscans and in 1520 headed the order in the province of Concepción. In 1527 Emperor Charles V appointed him the first bishop of Mexico ( "Protector de los Indios" ). Zumárraga came to America in 1528 , where he organized the conversion of the Indians and created parishes. Zumárraga fought against the abusive use of power with the secular authorities and therefore had to return to Spain in 1532 . But in 1534 he came back to Mexico , where he put all his energy into the development of schools ( "Colegio de la Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco" , " Colegio de San Juan de Letrán " ), at which mainly the sons of the Indian nobility should study . He founded the Amor de Dios hospital and in 1539 had the first printing plant built in Mexico.

On June 27, 1535 Zumárraga was appointed by the Archbishop of Seville, Don Alonso Manrique, Inquisitor General of Spain to be the first Apostolic Inquisitor against Heresy and apostasy for Mexico City and the surrounding area and remained so until 1543. He advocated the destruction of the old temples and had inquisition proceedings carried out. Among other things, he had the cacik Don Carlos, whose father Nezahualpilli and grandfather Nezahualcóyotl Tlatoani (prince) of Texcoco had been, on November 30, 1539, executed at the stake for continuing to practice the old religion. Carlos was the first to be burned by the Inquisition in Mexico. Zumárraga was reprimanded by Spain for the death sentence, justifying the fact that the Indians did not really know the new religion after such a short time.

Zumárraga wrote works on the catechism that appeared in Mexico. In 1547 he became archbishop. His tomb can be found in the Cathedral of Mexico City .

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ [1] Publicationes de la comision reorganizadora del archivo general y publico de la nacion, Proceso Inquisitorial del cacique de Tetzcoco, México 1910
  2. ^ [2] Publicationes de la comision reorganizadora del archivo general y publico de la nacion, Proceso Inquisitorial del cacique de Tetzcoco, México 1910
  3. ↑ [3] J. Jorge Klor de Alva, The inquisition and the limits of discipline, in: Mary Elizabeth Perry and Anne J. Cruz (eds.), Cultural Encounters, Berkeley Los Angeles Oxford, 1991, p. 3
  4. ↑ [4] ibid, p. 5
personal data
SURNAME Zumárraga, Juan de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Zumárraga, Juan de OFM
BRIEF DESCRIPTION first Spanish Archbishop of Mexico
DATE OF BIRTH around 1468
PLACE OF BIRTH Durango (Spain)
DATE OF DEATH June 3, 1548
Place of death Mexico city