Jewish punishment

This article or section needs to be revised: It is and remains unclear whether the article was a lethal punishment and what role it actually played. As stated in the discussion post, the penalty is not medically fatal in itself, although that is apparently implied in the article. Due to this fact and the dry evidence, the assumption is in the room that it could be a myth. - Ghettobuoy ( discussion ) 1:11, 28 Sep. 2017 (CEST)
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In 1553 in Weißenstein in Swabia, Johann Stumpf witnessed a Jew being hanged with two dogs. Woodcut from 1568

The Jewish punishment was a special form of hanging upside down without strangulation .

history

The wrong way of hanging is found, like hanging with dogs , first in the 9th century in al-Andalus and around the year 1000 in Italy , from where this practice came to Germany . It was also practiced in the Netherlands .

The origins of the increase in penalties by adding dogs are obscure. According to the Torah , dogs were considered ritually unclean animals that could not be kept as pets. To have to die with these unclean animals was, in the eyes of religious Jews, an additional disgrace for the delinquent. Furthermore, the common death with animals may have been perceived as a particularly drastic form of exclusion from the social community.

practice

Jewish criminals were hung by their feet, sometimes with two dogs.

The German lawyer Ulrich Tengler (1447–1511) writes in his Laienspiegel that the Jewish punishment means “dragging the Jews between two angry or biting dogs to the ordinary courtroom [...] with the rope or chains at his feet on a special gallows between them dog according to hunger measure ”. This form of execution served only as an aggravation of punishment for grave theft committed by a Jew, for which shameful hanging was generally intended as a punishment.

The Lutheran theologian Jakob Andreae († 1590) reports on a case in which the church authorities - most recently he himself - tried to convert the hanged man who had already been attacked by the dogs so that he could secure the forgiveness of sins, i.e. H. the averting of eternal punishment . The condemned man was then baptized. The temporal and earthly punishment now consisted of hanging him by his neck - in a way to mitigate the penalty .

literature

• Johann Stumpf : Schwytzer Chronica. Christoffel Froschouer, Zurich 1554 ( limited preview in Google book search).
• Johann Stumpf, Joachim Vadianus : Common, praiseworthy Eydgnoschektiven Stetten, Landen and Voelckeren Chronick will be thaaten description. Christoffel Froschouer, Zurich 1548 ( limited preview in the Google book search); 1586, OCLC 4111057 .
• Rudolf Glanz: The "Jewish Execution" in Medieval Germany. Conference on Jewish Relations, New York, NY 1943, OCLC 39618802 (Reprinted from Jewish Social Studies. Volume V, No. 1).
• Guido Kisch : The "Jewish Execution" in Medieval Germany and the Reception of Roman Law. In: Guido Kisch: Selected writings. (= Research on the legal, economic and social history of the Jews. Volume 2). With a directory of Guido Kisch's writings on the legal and social history of the Jews. Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1979, ISBN 3-7995-6016-5 , pp. 165-193.
• Wolfgang Schild : The history of the jurisdiction. From the judgment of God to the beginning of modern justice. 1000 years of cruelty. Backgrounds, judgments, superstitions, witches, torture, death. License issue. Nikol Verlagsgesellschaft, Hamburg 1997, ISBN 3-930656-74-4 ; further editions: 1980; 2002.
• Norbert Schnitzler: Jews in court. Social exclusion through sanction. In: Hans Schlosser , Rolf Sprandel, Dietmar Willoweit (ed.): Stately punishment since the high Middle Ages. Forms and stages of development (= conflict, crime and sanction in the society of old Europe / symposia and syntheses. Volume 5). Böhlau, Cologne a. a. 2002, ISBN 3-412-08601-0 , pp. 285-308.
• Kenneth Stow: Jewish Dogs. An Image and Its Interpreters. Continuity in the Catholic-Jewish encounter. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA 2006, ISBN 0-8047-5281-8 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Wolfgang Schild: The history of jurisdiction. From the judgment of God to the beginning of modern justice. 1000 years of cruelty. Backgrounds, judgments, superstitions, witches, torture, death. License issue. Nikol Verlagsgesellschaft, Hamburg 1997, ISBN 3-930656-74-4 .
2. ↑ Juliette Guilbaud, Nicolas Le Moigne, Thomas Lüttenberg (eds.): Normes culturelles et construction de la déviance. Accusations et procès antijudai͏̈ques et antisémites à l'époque moderne et contemporaine. Actes des journées d'études organisées à Paris, à la Maison Heinrich Heine (cité international universitaire), les 6 et 7 juin 2003 = cultural norms and construction of deviance . Anti-Jewish and anti-Semitic accusations in early modern times and in modern times (= European International Graduate College Institutional Orders, Writing and Symbols (Dresden; Paris): Études et rencontres du Collège Doctoral Européen. Volume 2). Collège Doctoral Européen "Ordres Institutionnels, Ecrit et Symboles", Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes Paris (EPHE) / Technische Universität Dresden 2004, ISBN 2-9521563-0-1 , page 46 ( limited preview in the Google book search) (contributions partly . German, partly French).
3. ↑ Martin Friedrich: Between Defense and Conversion (= contributions to historical theology. Volume 72). Verlag Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 1988, ISBN 3-16-145318-2 , page 175 ff. ( Limited preview in the Google book search). (Zugl .: Bochum, Univ., Diss., 1986).