Julieta Lanteri
Julieta Lanteri (born March 22, 1873 in Briga Marittima (now La Brigue), Kingdom of Italy , † February 25, 1932 in Buenos Aires ) was an Argentine doctor, pharmacologist , social reformer and suffragette . She is considered the first woman to vote in South America.
Life
Julieta Lanteri was the daughter of Antonio Lanteri and Matea Guido. When she was six years old, her family moved to La Plata , Argentina. She was the first woman to attend the Colegio Nacional there and graduated in pharmacology in 1898. She then studied medicine at the Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires . Lanteri was the sixth woman to graduate from Argentina in 1906.
After graduating, Lanteri worked for ten years in the accident and sick bay of a hospital. She specialized in the treatment of mental health problems and illnesses in women and children. From 1907 to 1920 she traveled frequently to Europe to learn about standards in hospitals, institutions and schools. In Argentina, Lanteri worked on implementing health reforms to improve care for women, children and unmarried mothers.
Lanteri was involved in the founding of the Argentine Association for Free Thought in 1905 and supported the organization of the international congress Congreso Internacional del Libre Pensamiento in Buenos Aires the following year . In 1909 she founded the National League of Freethinkers and its magazine "The New Woman". The following year she helped organize the first International Women's Congress and the first National Congress for Children. After her application for a professorship in psychiatric disorders was denied, she applied for Argentine citizenship . This was refused because she was an unmarried immigrant. In 1910, Lanteri married the much younger doctor Albert Renshaw, who was able to obtain citizenship for his wife in 1911.
As an Argentine citizen who paid taxes, Lanteri went to court for the right to vote in local elections. On November 26, 1911, she was the first woman in South America to vote in the city council elections . The historian and politician Adolfo Saldías congratulated her as the electoral board member "por ser el firmante del documento del primer sufragio de una mujer en el país y en Sudamérica". According to reports in the press about this process, the performance of military service was included in the Argentine electoral law and women were denied the right to vote in Argentina until 1947. Lanteri applied for admission to the military and filed a petition with the War and Navy Minister, but to no avail.
In 1918/19 Lanteri founded her own political party, the Partido Feminista Nacional (National Feminist Union). In each subsequent election, she ran for parliament. Your party called for universal suffrage, equality between men and women according to the German Civil Code, laws regulating working hours, equal pay, pensions, maternity allowance and the protection of women and children, professional training for women and technical support of delinquent children. Prison reform, abolition of the death penalty, social hygiene, greater safety regulations in factories, a ban on the manufacture and sale of alcohol, prophylactic treatment of infectious diseases and a ban on brothels were also called for.
In 1929, Lanteri tried in vain to get women admitted to military service before the Supreme Court because military service was mandatory for all, not just male citizens. She continued to fight for women's rights and parliamentary participation until her death.
On February 23, 1932, Julieta Lanteri was run over by a car. She died in the hospital two days later. More than 1000 people attended her funeral. To this day, it is controversial whether this incident was an accident or a murder for misogyny or political reasons. It is said that at the time of the «década infame» (German: infamous decade) after the coup by José Félix Uriburu , the police deleted the name of the fugitive driver from the files.
Fonts
- Contribución al estudio del deciduoma maligno . Dissertation, Buenos Aires 1906.
literature
- Aracelli Bellotta: Julieta Lanteri . Planeta, Buenos Aires 2001.
Web links
- Julieta Lanteri (1873-1932) . (English)
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Lanteri, Julieta |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Lanteri Renshaw, Julieta (married name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Argentinian doctor and suffragette |
| DATE OF BIRTH | March 22, 1873 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Briga Marittima , Italy |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 25, 1932 |
| Place of death | Buenos Aires , Argentina |