Junkers Jumo 213
Junkers Jumo 213 | |
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Junkers Jumo 213A |
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Type: | V- aircraft engine |
Design country: | |
Manufacturer: | |
Production time: |
1942-1945 |
Number of pieces: |
approx. 9000 |
The Junkers Jumo 213 was a liquid-cooled, twelve-cylinder engine - aircraft engine with direct fuel injection and 35 liters capacity the Junkers . It was developed during the Second World War from the Jumo 211 with the same displacement and had a takeoff power of over 2000 hp (Jumo 211: max. 1500 hp).
Junkers and the Flugmotorenwerke Ostmark built from mid 1942 to the end of the war more than 9,000 engines in the most important fighter aircraft of the German Air Force as the Ju 88 , Ju 188 and the Fw 190 D were used.
history
The Jumo 213 engine was one of the best German 12-cylinder aircraft engines and achieved a liter output of 50 hp, which could be increased to up to 60 hp with the use of performance-enhancing additional injections. The improvement over its predecessor, the Jumo 211, was achieved through an optimized design and an increase in speed of almost 500 min −1 to 3200 min −1 in continuous operation.
The Jumo 213 was a V-engine with "hanging" cylinders ( crankshaft above, also called " A-engine "); cooling was carried out with a glycol- water mixture at a permissible operating temperature of around 120 ° C. The power regulation was carried out by a single-lever control unit developed by Junkers, which automatically controlled boost pressure, loader switching and similar parameters.
The engines could be equipped with water-methanol ( MW-50 ) or GM-1 injection (oxygen carrier nitrous oxide ). The MW-50 system brought an additional output of around 300 HP below full pressure height , the GM-1 up to 400 HP above full pressure height. The Jumo 213 had an automatic single- stage two-speed loader , versions E and F even had a two-stage three-speed loader. The full pressure heights of the loaders were 5500 to 6000 m for Jumo 213 A / C and 9600 m for Jumo 213 E / F. In addition to the good high-altitude performance, the Jumo 213 engines were particularly characterized by their relatively low specific fuel consumption . Depending on the series, this was between 258 and 274 g / kWh (190 to 202 g / PSh) during cruise flight.
Many aircraft designs in the last years of the war were based on this engine. The production of larger numbers did not begin until 1944, so that many prototypes had to switch to other engines. The series approval of the Reich Aviation Ministry (RLM) took place after a very short development time and test phase. The first test engines had only completed five 100-hour full throttle runs.
Technical data Jumo 213 E-1
- Twelve-cylinder - V-engine with hanging cylinders ( crankshaft on top; also called " A-engine ")
- Valve control : each cylinder bank an overhead camshaft ( OHC ), three valves per cylinder (two intake / exhaust valve)
- Bore : 150 mm
- Stroke : 165 mm
- Displacement : 35 liters
- Compression ratio : 6.5: 1
- Charging by mechanical two-stage three-speed centrifugal compressor
- Takeoff power : 1750 PS (1287 kW)
- Starting power with water-methanol injection ( MW-50 ): 2050 PS (1507 kW)
- Climbing and combat power: 1380 PS (1015 kW)
- Full pressure altitude : 9600 m
- Cooling : liquid ( glycol- water mixture as coolant )
- Lubrication : dry sump lubrication with one pressure and two suction pumps (one per cylinder head )
- Dry matter: 940 kg
- Fuel: gasoline , type B4 with an octane rating of 87 RON
Engine types
- Jumo 213 A-1
- Version with single-stage two-speed charger, 1750 HP starting power (using boost pressure upgrade kit 1900 HP)
- Used in Junkers Ju 88 , Ju 188 and Focke-Wulf Fw 190 D, among others
- Jumo 213 AG-1
- Experimental version of the A-1 with a special bottom loader stage
- Jumo 213 B-0, no series production
- Variant of the A-1 for C3 fuel (100 octane); approx. 2000 HP starting power due to higher compression
- Jumo 213 C-1
- Variant of the A-1 with a hollow propeller shaft for the installation of a machine gun, series production of the Jumo 213 C-1 from the end of 1944
- Jumo 213 E-0; no series production
- Elevation engine with two-stage three-speed charger and C3 fuel
- Jumo 213 E-1
- Variant of the 213 E-0 for B4 fuel with 87 octane, intercooler , series production from the end of 1944, use in the Ju 88 and Ju 388 as well as the Ta 152
- Jumo 213 F
- Elevator engine with two-stage three-speed charger, like E-1 but without intercooler, used in the Fw 190 D-11 / -12
- Jumo 213 J / T / S
- Projects with 4 valves (J), project with exhaust gas turbocharger (T), project for low full pressure heads (S)
swell
- Kyrill von Gersdorff, Kurt Grasmann: The German aviation. Volume 2: Aeroengines and jet engines. Bernard & Graefe Verlag, Munich 1981, ISBN 3-7637-5272-2 .
- Junkers JUMO 213 aircraft engine. Technical compendium. ISBN 3-939847-15-1 .
See also
Web links
- Jumo 213 & Fw 190
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (photos )
- Junkers injection system for Jumo 211 B / D and G / H, October 1941 at: www.deutscheluftwaffe.de Online (PDF; 33 MB)