Junonia evarete

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Junonia evarete
Junonia evarete in Florida

Junonia evarete in Florida

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Family : Noble butterfly (Nymphalidae)
Subfamily : Spotted butterfly (Nymphalinae)
Genre : Junonia
Type : Junonia evarete
Scientific name
Junonia evarete
( Cramer , 1779)

Junonia evarete ( synonyms : Papilio evarete , Precis evarete ) is in North, Central and South America occurring butterfly ( butterfly ) from the family of Nymphalidae (Nymphalidae).

description

butterfly

The wingspan of the moth is 45 to 57 millimeters. There is no sexual dimorphism . The basic color of the upper sides of the wings is mostly dark brown. However, depending on the seasonal, climatic or regional conditions, specimens with a light brown or black-brown basic color may also appear. Sometimes a slight bluish tinge can also be seen. On the forewings there is a very small, bluish nucleated eye - spot near the apex and a large, dark eye-spot near the inner corner . This is framed by a light brown ring, shows a small light blue spot in the center and is enclosed on the root side by a dark brown semicircle. Two elongated, reddish, black-bordered flaws stand out in the discoid cell . On the hind wings, two more eye spots can be seen near the outer edge, the one near the anal corner being slightly smaller. These are bordered on the outside by an orange colored band. In English usage, the species is called West Indian Buckeye or Tropical Buckeye (with the meanings: "West Indian peacock eye" or "Tropical peacock eye"). There are brown, slightly wavy lines on the hem. On the red-brown to dark-brown-yellow underside of the wing, with little drawing, the eye spots shimmer more or less clearly.

  • Form with blue shimmer

  • Black-brown shape

  • Light brown shape

  • red-brown underside of the wing

  • brown-yellow underside of the wing

Egg, caterpillar, pupa

The greenish, spherical egg is covered with light longitudinal ribs, slightly flattened at the base and the micropyle and is deposited individually or in small groups on the food plant. Fully grown caterpillars are black-brown to violet-black in color and each segment has bluish to black, slightly branched thorns and very narrow whitish horizontal stripes. The belly feet are colored orange or dark brown. The head capsule is drawn reddish brown and black. The pupa is designed as a falling pupa and hangs on branches or petioles. It is ash-gray in color, slightly whitish marbled and provided with a series of dorsolateral pairs of short and pointed processes.

Similar species

Due to the great variability in color, Junonia evarete is very difficult to distinguish from the similarly colored and marked Junonia coenia and Junonia genoveva . The large eye spot on the upper side of the forewing is yellowish in J. coenia in the direction of the wing root, but dark brown in J. evarete . The distinguishing feature is the color of the antennae including their club, which in J. evarete is mostly white to white-gray, in J. genoveva, however, predominantly black. Since the similar Junonia villida only occurs in Australia , there is no geographical overlap and risk of confusion with the American species in this case.

  • Junonia coenia with a yellowish area on the forewing eye spot

  • Junonia evarete with white antennae and brown area on the forewing eye spot

  • Junonia genoveva with black antennae

  • Junonia villida , native to Australia

  • Caterpillar of Junonia evarete

distribution and habitat

The distribution of Junonia evarete extends from Texas , Arizona and Florida south through Central America and across the South American continent to Argentina . There are currently eleven subspecies listed . The species prefers very dry field landscapes and open forests.

Way of life

The moths fly in several generations throughout the year, mainly in April, July and December. They like to visit flowers to take in nectar. However, they have also been observed sucking excrement, where they ingest fluids and minerals. The caterpillars live individually. They feed on the leaves of various Ruellia - ( Ruellia ), sweet herbs - ( Lippia ), Stemodia - or Stachytarpheta species.

Danger

Junonia evarete is not uncommon in many areas of Central and South America and is not included on the Red List of Endangered Species by the World Conservation Organization IUCN .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Tropical Buckeye at Butterflies of America
  2. ↑ Caterpillar at Iowa State University's BugGuide
  3. ^ John Calhoun: "The Identities of Papilio evarete Cramer and Papilio genoveva Cramer (Nymphalidae), with Notes on the Occurrence of Junonia evarete in Florida", News of the Lepidopterists' Society, 52 (2), 2010, pp. 47-51
  4. ^ A b James A. Scott: The butterflies of North America. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California 1986, ISBN 0-8047-1205-0 , pp. 277-279
  5. ↑ Markku Savela: Junonia Hübner, [1819] - distribution. In: Lepidoptera and some other life forms. Retrieved June 11, 2019 .
  6. ↑ flight times

literature

  • James A. Scott: The butterflies of North America. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California 1986, ISBN 0-8047-1205-0

Web links

Commons : Junonia evarete  - collection of images, videos and audio files