Ruellien

Ruellien
	Ruellia makoyana
Systematics
	Asterids
	Euasterids I
Order :	Mint family (Lamiales)
Family :	Acanthus family (Acanthaceae)
Subfamily :	Acanthoideae
Genre :	Ruellien
Scientific name
	Ruellia
	L.

The Ruellia ( Ruellia ) are a genus of plants in the Acanthus family (Acanthaceae). The 150 to 300 species thrive in tropical to subtropical areas almost worldwide.

description

Illustration from Flore des serres , Volume 14 by Ruellia baikiei

Illustration from Flore médicale des Antilles, ou, Traité des plantes usuelles , plate 114 from Ruellia patula

Illustration from Botanical Magazine , Volume 106, 1880 by Ruellia portellae

Illustration from The native flowers and ferns of the United States in their botanical, horticultural and popular aspects , 1879 by Ruellia ciliosa

Vegetative characteristics

Ruellia species grow as upright, climbing or creeping, annual to perennial herbaceous plants and shrubs . The stem is square.

The opposite leaves are stalked or sessile. The mostly simple leaf blades are elliptical, ovate-lanceolate or oblong-spatulate with a pointed-pointed or blunt upper end. The leaf margins are smooth. Stipules are missing.

Generative characteristics

The terminal or lateral inflorescences are of different shapes. Support and cover sheets are present or missing. There may be flower stalks.

The often large, hermaphrodite flowers are five-fold and radially symmetrical to zygomorphic with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are more or less the same length and only fused together at their base. The five petals are fused tubular to funnel-shaped with two lips. The color of the petals is yellow, white or red to purple. Two of the four fertile stamens have grown together. Two carpels have become a top permanent ovary grown from two to ten ovules per ovary chamber. The thin stylus ends in an unequal bilobed scar.

Usually two to twenty seeds ripen in double capsule fruits . The flattened to flat seeds are ovoid or spherical.

ecology

The pollination is effected by insects ( Entomophilie ). The unit of spread ( diaspore ) is the seed.

Ruellia affinis

Ruellia angustifolia

Ruellia drymophila

Ruellia elegans

Ruellia macrantha

Ruellia paniculata

Ruellia portellae

Ruellia prostrata

Ruellia simplex

Ruellia squarrosa

Ruellia tuberosa

Distribution and systematics

The genus Ruellia was established by Carl von Linné . The generic name Ruellia honors the French humanist, doctor and botanist Jean Ruel , in Latin Ruellius (1474–1537). Ruellia tuberosa L. was specified as the lectotype species by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Addison Brown in An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States , 2nd edition, 3, page 241 in 1913 .

Synonyms for Ruellia L. are: Aphragmia Nees , Arrhostoxylum Nees , Benoicanthus Heine & A.Raynal , Blechum P.Browne , Brunoniella Bremek. , Copioglossa Miers , Cryphiacanthus Nees , Dinteracanthus C.B. Clarke ex Schinz , Dipteracanthus Nees , Endosiphon T.Anderson ex Benth. & Hook. f. , Eusiphon Benoist , Gymnacanthus Nees , Gymnacanthus Oerst. , Leptosiphonium F. Muell. , Lychniothyrsus Lindau , Nothoruellia Bremek. , Pararuellia Bremek. , Pattersonia J.F. Gmel. , Polylychnis Bremek. , Pseudoruellia Benoist , Sclerocalyx Nees , Spirostigma Nees Stenoschista Bremek. , Stephanophysum Pohl , Tacoanthus Baill. , Ulleria Bremek.

The Ruellia species are native to both hemispheres from the tropical to the subtropical regions of the New World and Old World .

The genus Ruellia belongs to the large tribe Ruellieae in the subfamily Acanthoideae.

Selected species

There are around 150 to 300 species in the genus Ruellia :

Ruellia affinis (Schrad.) Lindau : It occurs in Brazil .
Ruellia albopurpurea Benoist : The three varieties occur in Madagascar only in the province of Toliara .
Ruellia anaticollis Benoist : The two varieties occur in Madagascar only in the provinces of Fianarantsoa and Toliara.
Ruellia ansericollis Benoist : It occurs in Madagascar only in the province of Toliara.
Ruellia baikiei (Hook.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Salomon
Ruellia blechum L .: It is originally found in Mexico, the Caribbean, Central and South America and is a neophyte in China, New Guinea, the Philippines, Hawaii, Palau and Fiji.
Ruellia blumei Steud. (Syn .: Ruellia tetragona flower )
Ruellia brevifolia (Pohl) C.Ezcurra (Syn .: Ruellia graecizans Backer ): It is native to Brazil, Argentina , Paraguay , Peru , Bolivia , Ecuador and Colombia and is in Australia, the Fiji Islands, Hawaii and on Reunion a neophyte .
Ruellia capuronii Benoist (Syn .: Ruellia prostrata var. Rivularis Boivin ex Benoist , Ruellia rivularis (Benoist) Boivin ex Benoist ): It occurs in Madagascar only in the province of Antsiranana .
Ruellia caroliniensis (JFGmel.) Steud. (Syn .: Pattersonia caroliniensis J.F.Gmel. ): It occurs in the eastern United States and in Texas .
Ruellia cernua Roxb. : It occurs in India .
Ruellia chartacea (T.Anderson) Wassh. (Syn .: Ruellia colorata Baill. Non flower ): It occurs in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru .
Ruellia ciconiicollis Benoist : It occurs in Madagascar only in the province of Toliara.
Ruellia ciliatiflora Hook. (Syn .: Ruellia lorentziana Griseb. ): It occurs in Brazil, Argentina , Paraguay and Bolivia and is a neophyte in Florida.
Ruellia ciliosa Pursh : It occurs in the southeastern United States.
Ruellia cyanea (Nees) T.Anderson : It occurs in Madagascar in the provinces of Antananarivo , Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Toamasina and Toliara.
Ruellia decaryi Benoist : This endemic occurs in Madagascar only in the province of Toliara.
Ruellia dequairei Benoist : This endemic occurs in Madagascar only in the Toamasina province.
Ruellia detonsa Benoist : It occurs in Madagascar only in the province of Toliara.
Ruellia devosiana Jacob-Makoy ex E. Morren : The homeland is unknown, it occurs in Hawaii as a neophyte.

Ruellia dissidens Benoist : The five varieties only occur in Madagascar.

Ruellia domatiata I.Darbysh. & EATripp : It was first described in Madagascar in 2017 and probably only occurs in the province of Antsiranana.

Ruellia drymophila Hand .-- Mazz.

Ruellia elegans Poir.

Ruellia exilis E. Trip & McDade : It wasfirst describedin 2007 from Costa Rica .

Ruellia fiherenensis Benoist : It occurs in Madagascar in the provinces of Fianarantsoa and Toliara.

Ruellia fulgida Andrews : It occurs in Colombia, Venezuela , Panama and on the Caribbean islands .

Ruellia geayi (Benoist) EATripp (Syn .: Eusiphon geayi Benoist , Eusiphon longistamineus Benoist ): This new combination took place in 2007. It occurs in Madagascar in the provinces of Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga and Toliara.

Ruellia geniculata (Nees) Benoist (Syn .: Dyschoriste geniculata Nees ): It occurs in Madagascar.

Ruellia gruicollis Benoist : It occurs in Madagascar in the provinces of Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga and Toliara.

Ruellia heterosepala Benoist : It occurs in Madagascar only in the Antsiranana province.

Hairy ruellie ( Ruellia humilis Nutt. ): It is found in the United States.

Ruellia indecora Benoist : This endemic occurs in Madagascar only in the Mahajanga province.

Ruellia latisepala Benoist : It occurs in Madagascar only in the province of Toliara.

Ruellia leptosepala Benoist : This endemic occurs in Madagascar only in the province of Toliara.

Ruellia linifolia Benoist : This endemic occurs in Madagascar only in the province of Toliara.

Ruellia macrantha Mart. ex Nees : It occurs in Brazil.

Ruellia macrophylla Vahl : It occurs in southern Mexico, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela and Cuba .

Ruellia makoyana hoard . Makoy ex Closon : It is used as a houseplant.

Ruellia mira E. Trip & McDade : It was first described in 2007 from Costa Rica.

Ruellia misera Benoist : This endemic occurs in Madagascar only in the province of Toliara.

Ruellia monanthos (Nees) Bojer ex T.Anderson : It occurs in Madagascar in the provinces of Fianarantsoa, Toamasina and Toliara.

Ruellia norvegigratiosa E. Trip & McDade : It was first described in 2007 from Costa Rica.

Ruellia nudiflora (Engelm. & A. Gray) Urb. : It occurs in Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and Mexico to Panama.

Ruellia nummularia Benoist : It occurs in Madagascar only in the province of Toliara.

Ruellia odorata E. Trip & McDade : It was first described in 2007 from Costa Rica.

Ruellia patula Jacq.

Ruellia pauciovulata Benoist : It occurs in Madagascar only in the province of Toliara.

Ruellia pedunculata Torr. ex A. Gray

Ruellia perrieri Benoist : It occurs in Madagascar only in the province of Toliara.

Ruellia poissonii Benoist : It occurs in Madagascar.

Ruellia portellae Hook. f.

Ruellia prostrata Poir. (Syn. Dipteracanthus prostratus (Poir.) Nees ): It occurs in tropical Africa, Madagascar, India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka and western Australia.

Ruellia quadrisepala Benoist : It occurs in Madagascar.

Ruellia quartziticola Callm., EATripp & Phillipson (Syn .: Eusiphon longissimus Benoist , Ruellia longissima (Benoist) EATripp ): It occurs in Madagascar in the provinces of Antananarivo and Fianarantsoa.

Ruellia rosea Hemsl. : It occurs in Mexico.

Ruellia saccifera Benoist : It occurs in Madagascar only in the province of Toliara.

Ruellia simplex C. Wright (Syn .: Ruellia brittoniana Leonard , Ruellia coerulea Morong , Ruellia spectabilis Britton , Ruellia tweedieana Griseb. ): It is native to Mexico, the Caribbean islands and South America and is a neophyte in the southern United States.

Ruellia sindica A. Ghafoor & Heine (Syn .: Dipteracanthus longifolius Stocks )

Ruellia singularis Benoist : It occurs in Madagascar.

Ruellia squarrosa (Fenzl) Cufod. (Syn .: Dipteracanthus squarrosus Fenzl ): It occurs only in the Mexican state of Veracruz .

Ruellia spatulifolia Benoist : It occurs in Madagascar only in the province of Toliara.

Ruellia stelligera Benoist : It occurs in Madagascar.

Bald Ruellie ( Ruellia strepens L. ): It is found in the United States.

Ruellia tachiadena (Heine & A.Raynal) EATripp (Syn .: Benoicanthus tachiadenus Heine & A.Raynal , Ruellia gruicollis var. Angustifolia Benoist ): This new combination took place in 2013. The species occurs in Madagascar only in the province of Fianarantsoa.

Ruellia transitoria Benoist : It occurs in Madagascar only in the province of Toliara.

Ruellia tuberosa L. (Syn .: Ruellia picta G.Lodd. ): It is originally found in Colombia, Peru , Venezuela , Suriname , Guiana and French Guiana and on numerous islands in the Caribbean.

Ruellia turbinis Benoist : This endemic occurs in Madagascar only in the province of Toliara.

Species formerly belonging to the genus Ruellia (selection):

Ruellia alata Wall. → Strobilanthes wallichii

Ruellia alopecuroidea , Ruellia alopecuroides Vahl → Teliostachya alopecuroidea

Ruellia difformis L. f. → Indian water star ( Hygrophila difformis )

Ruellia brasiliensis Spreng. or Ruellia costata → Hygrophila costata

Ruellia repanda L. → Hemigraphis repanda

Ruellia zeylanica Roxb. → Asystasia gangetica subsp. gangetica

literature

Erin A. Tripp: Evolutionary relationships within the species-rich genus Ruellia (Acanthaceae). In: Systematic Botany , Volume 32, 2007, pp. 628-649.
Entry in the Tree of Life project . (English)
HR Coleman: Ruellia : Entry in the Western Australian Flora , 2008. (English)

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Kamal Akhtar Malik, Abdul Ghafoor: Ruellia at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]
↑ ^a ^b Ruellia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved December 25, 2017.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u Ruellia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 15, 2018.
↑ Erin A. Tripp, Thomas F. Daniel, Siti Fatimah, Lucinda A. McDade: Phylogenetic Relationships within Ruellieae (Acanthaceae) and a Revised Classification. In: International Journal of Plant Sciences , Volume 174, Issue 1, January 2013, pp. 97-137. Full text online.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai Kamal Akhtar Malik, Abdul Ghafoor: Ruellia at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
^ Iain Darbyshire, Erin A. Tripp, Guy E. Onjalalaina: Ruellia domatiata (Acanthaceae), a striking new species from Madagascar. In: Kew Bulletin , Volume 72, March 2017, p. 13. doi : 10.1007 / s12225-017-9676-7
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Lucinda A. McDade, Erin A. Tripp: A synopsis of Costa Rican Ruellia (Acanthaceae), with descriptions of four new species. In: Brittonia , Volume 59, 2007, pp. 199-216. doi : 10.1663 / 0007-196X (2007) 59 [199: ASOCRR] 2.0.CO; 2

Web links

Commons : Ruellien ( Ruellia ) - collection of images, videos and audio files

Ruellia at Tropicos.org. In: Catalog of the Vascular Plants of Madagascar . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
Ruellia at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Panama (WFO) . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
Ruellia at Tropicos.org. In: Proyecto Madidi . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
Ruellia at Tropicos.org. In: Flora de Nicaragua . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
Ruellia at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
Ruellia at Tropicos.org. In: Flora Mesoamericana . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
Ruellia at Tropicos.org. In: Paraguay Checklist . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap

[FoPakistan-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Kamal Akhtar Malik, Abdul Ghafoor: Ruellia at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

[Burkhardt2018-2] Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]

[Tropicos-3] Ruellia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved December 25, 2017.

[GRIN-4] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u Ruellia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 15, 2018.

[Tripp2013-5] Erin A. Tripp, Thomas F. Daniel, Siti Fatimah, Lucinda A. McDade: Phylogenetic Relationships within Ruellieae (Acanthaceae) and a Revised Classification. In: International Journal of Plant Sciences , Volume 174, Issue 1, January 2013, pp. 97-137. Full text online.

[CataloguePlantsOfMadagascar-6] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai Kamal Akhtar Malik, Abdul Ghafoor: Ruellia at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

[Darbyshire2017-7] Iain Darbyshire, Erin A. Tripp, Guy E. Onjalalaina: Ruellia domatiata (Acanthaceae), a striking new species from Madagascar. In: Kew Bulletin , Volume 72, March 2017, p. 13. doi : 10.1007 / s12225-017-9676-7

[McDade2007-8] Lucinda A. McDade, Erin A. Tripp: A synopsis of Costa Rican Ruellia (Acanthaceae), with descriptions of four new species. In: Brittonia , Volume 59, 2007, pp. 199-216. doi : 10.1663 / 0007-196X (2007) 59 [199: ASOCRR] 2.0.CO; 2