Yuri Lwowitsch Klimontowitsch

Yuri Lvovich Klimontovich ( Russian Юрий Львович Климонтович , English transcription Yuri Lvovich Klimontovich; born September 28, 1924 in Moscow ; † November 27, 2002 ibid) was a Russian theoretical physicist who worked on statistical physics and plasma physics .

Live and act

Both the mother and the father of Yuri Klimontovich came from noble Russian families. The father was arrested in 1931 and murdered two weeks after his imprisonment. It was not until 62 years later that the family received official notification of the circumstances of their death. Since his mother died early, Klimontovich and his brothers grew up under difficult conditions with an aunt. In his childhood he developed bone tuberculosis, survived a complicated operation and therefore did not have to serve in the army during the Second World War. From 1946 he studied at the Faculty of Physics at Lomonossow University in Moscow . He completed his diploma thesis with Wassili Stepanowitsch Fursow (1910–1998). Despite excellent academic achievements, he was initially not admitted to an apprenticeship due to his family background. After a chance encounter with Nikolai Bogolyubov , where he had attended lectures, he received his doctorate from this aspirant and in 1951 as a candidate for nauk . From 1952 to 1955 he was a lecturer at the Aeronautical Engineering Institute in Moscow. In 1955 he moved to Lomonosov University, where he worked until the end of his life. At the Steklow Institute for Mathematics , he acquired the Russian doctorate (equivalent to the habilitation) in 1962 and became a professor at Moscow University in 1964.

Under the influence of Bogolyubov, Klimontovich turned to the statistical theory of plasmas in the non-equilibrium state as early as the late 1940s. In the following years he completely independently developed a new concept of the kinetic theory of plasmas based on the method of second quantization in the phase space (English: second quantization in phase space ), also called Klimontowitsch method. In 1964 he published his first monograph Statistical Theory of Non-Equilibrium Processes in a Plasma , which was also published in English in 1967. Since the mid-1960s he developed various generalizations of kinetic equations to describe non-ideal gases and plasmas. In addition, since the early 1980s he has dealt with nonlinear systems far from thermodynamic equilibrium , with turbulence , self-organization and synergetics . He developed the S-theorem for self-organizing systems based on Boltzmann's H -theorem.

He published a large number of papers in magazines as well as monographs and a textbook. Several of his monographs have also appeared abroad. In 1990 he was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Rostock . He was the recipient of the Russian Federation State Prize for Science and Technology.

Fonts (selection)

• Yu. L. Klimontovich: The Statistical Theory of Non-equilibrium Processes in a Plasma . Pergamon Press, Oxford et al. a. 1967.
• JL Klimontowitsch: Lasers and non-linear optics (=  Small natural science library, Physics series . Volume 10 ). Teubner, Leipzig 1971, p. 159 .
• Yu. L. Klimontovich: Kinetic Theory of Nonideal Gases and Nonideal Plasmas . Pergamon Press, Oxford et al. a. 1982, ISBN 0-08-021671-4 .
• Yu. L. Klimontovich: The Kinetic Theory of Electromagnetic Processes . Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1983, ISBN 978-3-642-81824-0 , pp. XI, 364 .
• Werner Ebeling , Yuri L. Klimontovich: Selforganization and Turbulence in Liquids . Teubner, Leipzig 1984, p. 196 .
• Yu. L. Klimontovich, D. Kremp , WD Kraeft: Kinetic Theory for Chemically Reacting Gases and Partially Ionized Plasmas. In: Prigogine, I. , Rice, Stuart A. (Eds.): Advances in Chemical Physics, Vol. LXVIII . An Interscience Publication, New York, Chichester, Brisbane, Toronto, Singapore 1987, ISBN 978-0-471-84901-8 (English).
• Yu. L. Klimontovich: Statistical Theory of Open Systems . Volume 1: A Unified Approach to Kinetic Description of Processes in Active Systems. Kluwer, Dordrecht, Boston, London 1995, ISBN 978-0-7923-3242-8 .

literature

• M. Bonitz, W. Ebeling, Yu. M. Romanovsky: Contributions of Yuri L. Klimontovich to the kinetic theory of nonideal plasmas . In: Contributions to Plasma Physics . tape 43 , no. 5-6 , 2003, pp. 247-251 , doi : 10.1002 / ctpp.200310019 .
• Юрий Львович Климонтович. Биография (biography). (PDF) nonlin.awse.ru, accessed on August 12, 2018 (Russian). 
• WS Anishchenko, W. Ebeling, Ju. M. Romanowski (Ed.): Ju. L. Klimontovich. Memories of colleagues and his personal notes about people in science . Saratov 2005, p. 118 (Russian: Ю. Л. Климонтович. Воспоминания коллег и его личные заметки о людях науки .).

Web links

• Obituary at the Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov University Moscow (Russian)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Juri Lwowitsch Klimontowitsch in the Mathematics Genealogy Project (English)
2. ^ YL Klimontovich: S-theorem . In: Zeitschrift für Physik B. Condensed Matter . tape 66 , no. 1 , 1987, pp. 125-127 .
3. ^ Honorary doctorates in physics since 1990. Yuri Lvovich Klimontovich. University of Rostock, Institute for Physics, accessed on August 13, 2018 .