Juvenal of Jerusalem
Juvenal of Jerusalem († July 2, 458 in Jerusalem ) was bishop from 422 to 458 and later the first patriarch of Jerusalem .
After the diocese of Jerusalem ( Aelia Capitolina ) had been the suffragan diocese of Caesarea Maritima for centuries , Juvenal tried to elevate it to an independent patriarchate . At the Council of Ephesus in 431 he attempted to split off Palestine and Arabia from the Patriarchate of Antioch , but this failed. With the support of Kyrill of Alexandria , he received only the rank of archbishop . Immediately before the beginning of the Council of Chalcedon in 451, Juvenal sided with Cyril in Christology and rejected the doctrine of two natures that Pope Leo the Great had expounded in Tomus ad Flavianum . At the council, however, Juvenal turned around and agreed to the formula that has been in force in almost all churches since then. For its part, the council recognized the elevation of the Holy City to the seat of patriarchy.
When Juvenal returned to Jerusalem, however, the local monks turned against him and elected the Monophysite monk Theodosius as the new bishop, because they disapproved of Juvenal's partisanship in Chalcedon. Ultimately, however, these were subjugated by the emperor and Juvenal made patriarch of all of Palestine. He is still venerated as a saint in some Eastern churches . His feast day is July 2nd.
literature
- Saint Juvenal in the Encyclopædia Britannica -Online. (English)
- Hans-Bernd Krismanek: The corpus of letters from Kyrill of Alexandria as a source of ancient monasticism. Frankfurt am Main 2010, p. 136 ( digitized version )
- Friedrich Heyer : 2000 years of church history in the Holy Land. Hamburg 2000, pp. 85ff. ( Digitized version )
- Adrian Fortescue: Jerusalem (AD 71-1099). The patriarchate (325-451) . In: Catholic Encyclopedia , Volume 8, Robert Appleton Company, New York 1910 ((Presentation of the church political background and the role of Juvenal)).
Individual evidence
- ^ Theodosius, a Monophysite monk. In: A Dictionary of Early Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century AD (1911)
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Praylios |
Patriarch of Jerusalem 422–458 |
Anastasios I. |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Juvenal of Jerusalem |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Bishop and later the first Patriarch of Jerusalem (422–458) |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 4th century or 5th century |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 2, 458 |
| Place of death | Jerusalem |