Patriarchate of Antioch

The Patriarchate of Antioch (also Patriarchate of Antioch ) is an ancient church patriarchate with the historical center Antioch on the Orontes (Antioch). According to tradition, it was founded by the apostle Peter . After the split in the patriarchate in the wake of the Council of Chalcedon and subsequent separations, at least three churches now claim his legitimate succession . Each of these patriarchs regards their own patriarch as the legitimate successor of the apostle Peter on the cathedra of Antioch. For historical reasons none of these church heads still resides in the city of Antioch (today Antakya in Turkey ).

Syrian Orthodox Church

The Syrian Orthodox Church of Antioch is one of the Oriental Orthodox churches that oppose the Council of Chalcedon . Patriarch was Moran Mor Ignatius Zakka I. Iwas , who resided in Damascus , until 2014 . He was succeeded by Ignatius Ephrem II Karim . The worship of the Syrian Orthodox Patriarchate follows the tradition of the Antiochian Rite ; The liturgical language is predominantly Syriac . The church is in community of faith and sacraments with the Copts , the Armenians, the Ethiopian and Eritrean Church and part of the Thomas Christians of South India, namely the Malankara Syrian Orthodox Church . In honor of St. Ignatius of Antioch , all patriarchs of this church have been using the official name Ignatius in addition to their own since early modern times.

Rum Orthodox Church

The Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch , now called the “Rūm Orthodox Church”, is one of the Byzantine Orthodox churches and is in full communion and concelebration fellowship with the other churches of this denomination. After the Council of Chalcedon, those believers united in this church who recognized Chalcedonese and thereby distinguished themselves from the " Jacobites ", today's Syrian Orthodox Church. Because of their attachment to the emperor in Byzantium, they were also called Melkites . The Rūm Orthodox Church adopted the Constantinople liturgy around the 10th century . The language of worship in this patriarchy was Greek and, at times predominantly, Syrian , but it has been modern Arabic since the 20th century . The patriarch also resides in Damascus.

Eastern Catholic Churches

Three Eastern Catholic Churches , which emerged from the two above-mentioned churches between the 7th and 18th centuries, also designate their respective heads as Patriarchs of Antioch. In detail it concerns:

• the Maronite Church (seat: Jounieh near Beirut),
• the Melkite Greek Catholic Church (seat: Damascus),
• the Syrian Catholic Church (seat: Beirut).

Latin patriarchy

From the time of the Crusades until 1953 there was also a Latin Patriarch of Antioch , who resided in Rome after the failure of the Crusader states and finally only bore the title of Patriarch. 1953 the last incumbent died. In 1964 the institution was established by Pope Paul VI. as well as the two Latin Patriarchates of Alexandria and Constantinople abolished.

See also

• List of the Patriarchs of Antioch
• ad 1: List of the Syrian Orthodox Patriarchs of Antioch
• ad 2: List of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchs of Antioch
• to 3a: List of the Maronite patriarchs of Antioch
• to 3b: List of the Melkite patriarchs of Antioch
• to 3c: List of the Syrian Catholic Patriarchs of Antioch
• to 4: Latin Patriarchs of the East
• Antioch school

literature

• R. Devreesse: Le Patriarcat d'Antioche depuis la paix de l'Église jusqu'à la conquête arabe . Paris 1945.
• W. Brandes: The Melkite Patriarchs of Antiocheia in the 7th century. Number and chronology . In: Le Muséon 111 (1998) 37-67.
• K.-P. Todt: Region and Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antiocheia in Middle Byzantine times . In: Byzantinische Zeitschrift 94 (2001) 239–267.
• K.-P. Todt: Greek Orthodox (Melkite) Christians in central and southern Syria. The period from the Arab conquest to the transfer of the patriarchal residence to Damascus (635-1365) . In: Le Muséon 119 (2006) 33-88.
• Carsten-Michael Walbiner: The episcopal and metropolitan seats of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch from 1594 to 1664 according to some contemporary sources . In: Oriens Christianus 82 (1998) 99-152.
• Caersten-Michael Walbiner: The episcopal and metropolitan seats of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch from 1665 to 1724 according to some contemporary sources . In: Oriens Christianus 88 (2004) 36-92.
• Klaus-Peter Todt: Ducat and Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antiocheia in the Middle Byzantine period (969-1084) (Mainz publications on Byzantine Studies 14). Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2020. ISBN 978-3-447-10847-8