Cadet house new building (Berlin)
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The representative new building of the Berlin Cadet House housed the Prussian Cadet Corps from 1777 to 1878, before it moved to the new " Royal Prussian Main Cadet Institute " in Groß-Lichterfelde .
New construction of the cadet house
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From 1717 to 1777 the cadets were housed in the old cadet house, the converted and expanded, elliptical building of the former " Hetzgarten ". In the damaged building, the cadets suffered from the confinement. It stood on Bastion 9 ("Bastion behind the monastery church") of the Berlin fortress, which was gradually being razed . As early as 1723, a new building was thought of, but this was not done for reasons of economy. It was not until King Frederick the Great commissioned the architect Georg Christian Unger to replace the old building with a more attractive one.
From 1776 to 1779 the new building was erected in a square around the old one according to plans by Georg Christian Unger. After the new building was finished, the old one was demolished in 1777.
The front and rear end walls of the new building were decorated with a portal in the Doric style. The front front was also given a balcony as well as a bust of Minerva above the main door and the inscription: "Martis et Minervae alumnis" in the gable. (To the students of Mars and Minerva. In ancient Rome , Mars was the god of war and Minerva was the goddess of wisdom, tactical warfare, art and shipbuilding, and the guardian of knowledge). The keystones of the two side corridors were decorated with antique heads and the windows with helmets.
Entry of progress
The new building (address at the time: Neue Friedrichstrasse 13) had some improvements: According to Friedrich Nicolai , water was diverted into large buckets under the roof and distributed throughout the building by means of a pressure unit installed on the nearby Spree. In the large dining room in the back building, the dishes were wound up by a machine from the kitchen below and even placed on the tables.
Reorganization of the faculty
Adolf von Crousaz described the old cadet house as a “half monastic and half Spartan institute”, in which one lived “tightly together in a damaged house” and in his book about the Royal Prussian cadet corps praised the new building, which apparently involved a reorganization of the teaching staff was connected as follows: “Now a friendly and castle-like building stood on the site of the old Hetzhaus; moral authority had replaced the old Profos and his machines, discipline was more moved by spiritual threads; the lesson plan contained sciences and principles; There was already a spiritual power and dignity in the teachers, and some of them even stood there as authorities of their age. "
The cadet house as a sight
Berlin tourists were already allowed to visit the building during the Biedermeier period. For remarkably contemporary Berlin Guide by Alexander Cosmar held the Field Marshal Hall in 1820 acquired Behind buildings, with portraits of all the country's rulers since the Great Elector was decorated and the Prussian field marshals. Furthermore, Napoleon's sword, captured from Jemappes in 1815 , which Prince Blücher had donated to the institution, could be admired here . Cosmar also recommended the extensive library, the physical cabinet, the model chamber and the map collection as well as the dining room with its machine board and the "highly functional water pressure unit" to the interested traveler.
Relocation to Lichterfelde
In 1817 the new building of the cadet house was expanded again before the cadet corps moved to the new building in Groß-Lichterfelde in 1878 , where the so-called "main cadet institute" existed until its closure in 1920.
Construction of the regional court
The cadet house served as the district court until 1896. After the demolition, the imposing judicial building of the former district and district court (today: Littenstrasse 13-17) was built on the site of the former Hetzgarten and Kadettenhaus until 1904 , which at that time was the second largest building in the city of Berlin (after the city palace ).
literature
- Richard Borrmann : The architectural and art monuments of Berlin. With a historical introduction by P. Clauswitz . Julius Springer's publishing house, Berlin 1893 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ). Unchangeable Reprinted by Gebrüder Mann Verlag, Berlin 1982, ISBN 3-7861-1356-4 , p. 338 f.
- Alexander Cosmar : The latest complete guide through Berlin and Potsdam. Verlag Th. Grieben, 13th edition, Berlin 1851.
- Adolf von Crousaz: History of the Royal Prussian Cadet Corps. Published by Heinrich Schindler, Berlin 1857.
- Friedrich Nicolai : Description of the royal residence cities Berlin and Potsdam. Berlin / Stettin 1786 (three volumes).
Individual evidence
- ^ Friedrich Nicolai, Volume 2, p. 862
- ↑ Adolf von Crousaz: History of the Royal Prussian Cadet Corps. Published by Heinrich Schindler, Berlin 1857, p. 146.
- ↑ Alexander Cosmar: The latest complete guide through Berlin and Potsdam. Verlag Th. Grieben, 13th edition, Berlin 1851. p. 42.
- ↑ Klosterstrasse Franziskanerkloster , on luise-berlin.de
Coordinates: 52 ° 31 ′ 6.1 ″ N , 13 ° 24 ′ 49.2 ″ E