Kalkarer mill
| Kalkarer mill
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 Kalkarer mill |
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| Location and history | ||
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| Coordinates | 51 ° 44 '23 " N , 6 ° 17' 44" E | |
| Location | Kalkar | |
| Built | 1770 | |
| Shut down | after 1920 to 1996 | |
| Status | completely restored and windmillable | |
| technology | ||
| use | Grain mill, restaurant and guild house | |
| Grinder | 2 | |
| drive | wind | |
| Windmill type | Tower windmill | |
| Wing type | Sail gate wing | |
| Number of wings | 4th | |
| Tracking | Codend and reel | |
| Website | http://www.kalkarer-muehle.de | |
The Kalkarer Mühle at Hanselaerer Tor is a gallery tower windmill built in 1770 in Kalkar on the Lower Rhine .
history
In 1770 the mill was built from stones from the dilapidated Hanselaerer Tor. The leather manufacturer François Frédéric Guérin had offered to tear down the eastern city gate and replace it with a bridge. The city council agreed and allowed him to use the leftover material to build a tinder mill for his leather factory. It was especially high to catch the wind over the roofs of the city. Initially, the mill was used to grind oak bark. But FF Guérin was of French descent (from Saint-Domingue , Haiti ) and had to flee to Frankfurt in 1794 because of tax problems because of the approaching French revolutionary army .
The mill was taken over by Gerhard van der Grinden around 1800 and used as a grain mill. After him, various millers ground grain into her. In the 19th century a barn and a miller's house were added. The last miller Heinrich Rötten replaced it around 1910 with a neo-Gothic two-story house. After that the mill slowly fell into disrepair. During the Second World War it was damaged in bombing raids. Finally, the wing and gallery were missing, the masonry, cap and drive parts showed strong signs of deterioration.
From 1994 to 1996 the mill was extensively restored after many obstacles. The first attempts to do this in the 1980s failed because of the finances. At the beginning of the 1990s, the special program to promote the regional infrastructure to compensate for the research project SNR ( fast breeder ) in Kalkar made available funds from the state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the federal government. The mill repair project could be tackled. Many parts had to be replaced, such as the missing wing and gallery as well as the bag lift, parts of the drive technology and the grinding aisles along with the entire hood with jogger. Repair work on the mill tower was necessary. Further goals were the conversion of the former grain store (granary) into a restaurant with its own brewery, the construction of a bakery with a stone oven to bake the wholemeal flour ground in the mill and a new office building for the Niederrhein tourist agency. The Klever architecture and engineering office Tönnern & Partner was commissioned to carry out the project. The restoration was under the direction of the Kalkar architect Karl Deidelhoff. The aim of the restoration was to restore the original technical condition of the windmill from the end of the 18th century, the mill's early days.
After the restoration work was completed, the mill was transferred to the "Kalkarer Mühle am Hanselaerer Tor eV" association. The aim of the association is to keep the knowledge of old trades like millers, brewers and bakers alive.
description
The brick-built mill tower with the barn or granary in the north and the neo-Gothic miller's house, both also brick buildings, overlooks the town of Kalkar near the Leybach . With a cap height of twenty-seven meters and eight floors (floors or Söller, ndl. Zolders ), it is the highest windmill on the Lower Rhine. The mill tower has a circumference of 35 m at the bottom (outer diameter 11.14 m, inner diameter 9 m), the walls are about one meter thick. The vane axis with corrugated head and wooden comb wheel runs in the rotatable cap, which drives the vertical shaft in the cap oiler (cap bottom, 8th floor) via the crown wheel ((top) bunker), as well as the two Spreet beams of the harvester. The elevators in the Spill or Hebesöller (7th floor) and the two grinding aisles in the stone floor below (5th floor) are driven by the king wheel (lower bunker). The flour collector (4th floor) is used to fill the flour into sacks. The grain sacks are stored in the 6th floor, the sack collector. From the circumferential gallery at the level of the 5th floor at a height of approx. 13 meters, the winged cross with a diameter (flight) of 25 meters is covered with canvas. There is also the harvester for turning the blades into the wind. The 3rd floor (exhibition floor) has an exhibition room. On information boards he shows interesting facts about the saints of the brotherhoods and guilds of Kalkar. Showcases present their art treasures, flags and documents with detailed explanations. A large-format map describes the recorded pilgrimage route from the Lower Rhine to Santiago de Compostela . The Gildesöller on the first floor (2nd floor) houses a magnificent guild room. This is where the city's guilds and brotherhoods present themselves. It can be made available to guests for festive events.
Like the neighboring granary, the entrance floor (ground floor) contains a restaurant. The lower three floors below the grinder used to be used as storage or living quarters.
The floors, listed according to tradition and use, are called: Kappsöller (8th floor), Spill- or Hebesöller (7th floor), Sacksöller (6th floor), stone, grinding or gallery oiler (5th floor), Mehlsöller ( 4th floor), exhibition floor (3rd floor), Gildesöller (2nd floor), Gasthaussöller (1st floor / ground floor).
Since 1985 the Kalkarer Mühle with attached barn and miller's house have been a listed unit and a striking silhouette in the cityscape of Kalkar's old town. The mill is regularly open to visitors and is a tourist meeting place.
Mill data
- Canopy Height: 27 m (88.6 ft)
- Hub height: 26 m (85.3 ft)
- Total height: 38.5 m (126.3 ft)
- Gallery height: 13 m (42.6 ft)
- Mill wing span (diameter / flight): 25 m (82 ft)
- Base outer width: 11.14 m (36.5 ft)
- Grinds: 2
