Kanō School
The Kanō School ( Japanese 狩 野 派 , Kanō-ha ) is a school of Japanese painting and includes the painters of the Kanō family, which also includes adopted master students. Painters of the Kanō family were hereditarily accredited as court painters ( 御用 絵 師 , goyō eshi ) at the Shōgun . The school existed from the middle of the 15th century to the end of the 19th century.
The family
The first master of the Kanō school was Kanō Masanobu ( 正 信 ; 1432-1530) in Kyoto, followed by his son, Kanō Motonobu (元 信; 1476-1559). The school reached its first high point in the fourth generation with Eitoku ( 永 徳 ; 1543–1590). After Eitoku, the sons and master students founded their own schools in Edo , where orders were to be expected from the shogun and the city residences of the daimyo.
It came about that way
- the Kajibashi branch, founded by the outstanding Tan'yū ( 探幽 ; 1602–1674),
- the Kobikichō branch, founded by Naonobu ( 尚 信 ; 1607–1650)
- the Nakahashi branch - that was the main line -, founded by Yasunobu ( 安 信 ; 1614–1685),
- the Suruga branch, founded by Tōun ( 洞 雲 ; 1625–1694),
and a whole bunch of other branches.
The third great master, Sanraku ( 山 楽 ; 1559-1635), who founded the Kyō branch, remained in Kyōto . He was followed by the fourth great, Sansetsu ( 山 雪 ; 1590-1651) and then his son Kanō Einō .
In the 18th century the importance of the Kanō school declined. Artists from the arts and crafts and bourgeois milieu rose and founded new competing schools. The last master of the Kanō school is Hōgai ( 芳 崖 ; 1828–1888). The "Japanese painting style", Nihonga , is based on his painting , which, in contrast to the "Western painting style" Yōga adopted from Europe, tied to the national tradition.
The school's painting style
The work of the great masters mentioned falls into the art-historical epoch known as the Momoyama period and the early Edo period and stretched from around 1570 to 1600. During this time, the new rulers in the country had large palaces built, the walls and inner sliding doors of which were complex adorned and supplemented by equally elaborately designed screens ( Momoyama genre painting ). The monochrome painting style of the early Kanō school was continued, but now splendid colored paintings, applied on a gold background, were added. Unfortunately, many buildings no longer exist, such as the Fushimi Castle ( 伏 見 城 ) on the Momoyama ("peach mountain") near Uji , who gave the art era its name, or the Jurakudai ( 聚 楽 第 ), a palace in Kyoto, both by Toyotomi Hideyoshi built and destroyed after his death. Of the surviving buildings, the easiest to access is the Nijō Palace in Kyoto, where you can see wall paintings, especially by Tan'yū. The famous egg focus screen with cypress ( national treasure ) is kept in the National Museum Tōkyō .
Remarks
- ↑ This principle called iemoto ( 家 元 ) was also common in other areas of art and handicrafts.
- ↑ There is a replica of the castle tower in the area, but not on the original site. There is the tomb of Meiji -Tennō.
- ↑ recently cautiously "attributed"
literature
- Théo Lésoualc'h: The Japanese Painting. 25th volume in the series World History of Painting. Editions Rencontre, Lausanne 1968.
- Akiyama Terukazu: Japanese Painting. Verlag Skira / Rizzoli 1977, ISBN 0-8478-0132-2 .
- Hiroshi Matsuki: Kanō-ke no chi to chikara. (Eng. "Blood and strength of the Kanō family"). Kodansha, 1994, ISBN 4-06-258030-6 .
- Tokyo National Museum (Ed.): Kanō-ha no kaiga. (Eng. "Pictures of the Kanō School"). 1979.
