Chestnut-breasted wren

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Chestnut-breasted wren
Cyphorhinus thoracicus Tschudi 1846.png

Chestnut- breasted wren ( Cyphorhinus thoracicus )

Systematics
Order : Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination : Songbirds (passeri)
Superfamily : Certhioidea
Family : Wrens (Troglodytidae)
Genre : Cyphorhinus
Type : Chestnut-breasted wren
Scientific name
Cyphorhinus thoracicus
by Tschudi , 1844

The chestnut breast Wren ( Cyphorhinus thoracic ) is a bird art from the family of wrens (Troglodytidae) in Colombia , Ecuador , Peru and Bolivia is widespread. The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The chestnut-breasted wren reaches a body length of about 11.5 to 15.0 cm with a weight of 26.5 to 41.0 g. The reins are sooty black, the ear covers and the area behind the eyes a strong orange-brown. The exposed skin around the eye is blue. The top of the head is sooty black, the back and rump are dark brown. The shoulders, upper wing coverts and wing feathers are dark brown, the hand wings a little lighter than the arm wings . The control springs are dark brown. The chin is brownish gray, the throat and chest very orange-brown and the belly yellow-brown-orange. The flanks in the rear area are dark brown. The eyes are brown, the beak and legs are black. Both sexes are similar. Young animals resemble adult birds but have a paler hind abdomen.

Behavior and nutrition

In the stomach contents of C. t. thoracicus , cockroaches , beetles , grasshoppers and other unidentified insect parts were discovered. The subspecies is territorial and prefers to look for food in the fall of leaves. Mostly he travels alone, occasionally in pairs or in family groups. It seems to become more active when mixed groups of birds cross its path. In the northern subspecies C. t. dichrous were analyzed in fecal samples 37% beetles, 36% spiders, 9% mites, 9% ants and 9% grasshoppers. This subspecies also appears to be territorial. The rest of the behavior is also similar to the nominate form . Usually it does not mix with other groups of birds.

Vocalizations

The singing of the southern subspecies of the chestnut-breasted wren consists of a variable, musical and mostly calm series of squeaking, whistling and purring tones. This consists of two to five longer fluted whistles, all of which differ in pitch. This is followed by a faster series of five to eleven whistles that last about one second, or a faster whistle whistle. His lute contains a frog-like and wooden-sounding krol , which is uttered in irregular series. In the northern subspecies, the singing sounds like three to four fleeting clear whistles in repeated beat. Often it is an ascending tone, one in the same pitch, and a descending tone. He also gives out variants of the same vocal theme, which he repeats over and over again. A sound sounds like a rough churr tone.

Reproduction

Little is known about the breeding biology of the southern subspecies. Nestlings were observed in southeastern Peru in November. In the same region, adult birds were in breeding mood from August to November. A photographed nest was built relatively elaborately, with an open front and a curved structure made of fresh but also dead vegetation. This consisted of ferns and moss. It was relatively close to the ground. The clutch consisted of two eggs. In the northern subspecies, the breeding season appears to be protracted or regionally different. In Colombia, adult young animals were observed in April, birds in breeding mood in June and nest building in September. Two young animals cared for by their parents were discovered in December. The territory in Colombia is described as about 53 hectares in size. He defends this against conspecific species, but also against tapaculos ( Scytalopus ) or the brown-headed bush hammer ( Arremon brunneinucha ).

distribution and habitat

The southern subspecies of the chestnut-breasted wren prefers moist mountain forests, including areas with secondary vegetation and epiphytic cloud and cloud forests with abundant moss. It typically moves about one meter above the ground at altitudes of 1200 to 2700 meters. It can occur up to 800 meters in the Manú National Park . The northern subspecies has a similar habitat, but mostly occurs at altitudes of 1000 to 2600 meters. He can travel up to 700 meters on the Pacific Andean slopes.

migration

It is believed that the chestnut breast wren is a resident bird .

Subspecies

C. t.dichrous illustrated by Joseph Smit

There are two known subspecies:

  • Cyphorhinus thoracicus thoracicus von Tschudi , 1844 occurs from central Peru to western Bolivia.
  • Cyphorhinus thoracicus dichrous Sclater, PL & Salvin , 1879 is widespread from central Colombia to northern Peru. The subspecies has a body length of about 13.5 to 15.0 cm with a weight of the males 17.6 to 35.0 g and the soft 26.2 to 29.6 g. The top of the head is black, the top and rump rather dark brown. It is orange-chestnut-colored from the throat to the upper abdomen.

Etymology and history of research

The first description of the chestnut breast wren was made in 1844 by Johann Jakob von Tschudi, under the scientific name Cyphorhinus thoracic . The type specimen had been collected by Tschudi in Peru. In the same essay, Jean Louis Cabanis introduced the genus Cyphorhinus for the chestnut- breasted wren, which is new to science . This name is derived from »cyphos, cyptō κυφος, κυπτω « for »outgrowth, humps, stoop« and »rhis, rhinos ῥις, ῥινος « for »nose«. The species name "thoracicus" is the Latin word for "breast" and can be derived from the Greek "thōrax, thōrakos θωραξ, θωρακος " for "breastplate". "Dichrous" is a Greek word made up of "di-, dis δι-, δις " for "double, twofold" and "chroa, chroas χροα, χροας " for "color, appearance".

literature

  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Donald Eugene Kroodsma, Josep del Hoyo , David Brewer, Nigel Collar , Guy Tudor in: Thomas Scott Schulenberg : Chestnut-breasted Wren in Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY.
  • René Primevère Lesson: Index ornithologique . In: L'Echo du Monde Savant. Traveaux des Savantes de Tos Les Pays dand Toutes les Sciences (=  2 ). tape 10 , no. 45 , June 15, 1843, p. 1067-1068 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Charles Wallace Richmond: Necessary Generic Changes in Nomenclature . In: The Auk . tape 19 , no. 1 , 1902, pp. 92 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 53 kB ]).
  • Philip Lutley Sclater, Osbert Salvin: On the Birds collected by the late Mr. TK Salmon in the State of Antioquia, United States of Colombia . In: Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London for the Year 1879 . No. 3 , June 3, 1879, p. 486-550 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Johann Jakob von Tschudi, Jean Louis Cabanis: Avium conspectus quae in Republica Peruana repiuntur et pleraque observatae vel collectae sunt in itinere . In: Archives for Natural History . tape 10 , no. 1 , 1844, pp. 262-317 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

Web links

Commons : Chestnut-Breasted Wren  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Donald Eugene Kroodsma u. a.
  2. ↑ IOC World Bird List Dapple-throats, sugarbirds, fairy-bluebirds, kinglets, hyliotas, wrens, gnatcatchers
  3. ↑ a b Johann Jakob von Tschudi (1844), p. 282.
  4. ^ Philip Lutley Sclater (1879), p. 492, plate 41.
  5. ^ A b Jean Louis Cabanis in Johann Jakob von Tschudi, p. 282.
  6. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 384.
  7. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 135.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Cabanis is considered the author, since Tschudi wrote in a footnote on p. 262: Genera quaedam nova, quae hoc in conspectu obveniunt, proposita sunt a Dom. J. Cabanis, Assist. Mus. Zool. Berol., Qui ad constituendam hanc enumerationem observationes suas benevole mecum communicavit. Charles Wallace Richmond mentioned in 1902 that the name was used by René Primevère Lesson as early as 1843 (p. 1068), but according to today's International Rules for Zoological Nomenclature, Cyphorhina is not a homonym to Cyphorhinus (Art. 56.2.).