Tuebingen school

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The Tübingen School is a theological-scientific school of Protestant and Catholic theologians who introduced historical methods to biblical research at the University of Tübingen in the 19th century .

Evangelical and Catholic Tübingen School

The Tübingen School was founded around 1826 by the Protestant theologian Ferdinand Christian Baur . This school developed the historical-critical approach to the Bible as well as the history of the Church and dogma . Further representatives of this school were David Friedrich Strauss , Johann Tobias Beck , Karl Reinhold von Köstlin and Baur's pupil Eduard Zeller . Beck, however, rejected Baur's speculative point of view and founded a more biblically based school, while Albert Schwegler switched from theology to philology in 1841 after conflicts with the Württemberg church authorities.

Catholic theologians with a research direction similar to that of Baur were Johann Sebastian von Drey (1777–1853), Johann Adam Möhler (1796–1838), Johann Baptist von Hirscher (1788–1865) as well as Franz Anton Staudenmaier (1800–1856) and Johannes von Kuhn ( 1806-1887). You have dealt controversially with Baur and his students, which is why the Catholic Tübingen school can be clearly distinguished from the Protestant one. Inspired by Hegel's philosophy , she also dealt with the subject of divine revelation vs. human reason. In doing so, she strove for the unity of historical and speculative theology.

The evangelical school in Tübingen was involved in a long and fierce argument with its colleague Heinrich Ewald in Tübingen . Albrecht Ritschl , who tried to strike a balance between orthodox and liberal theology, ultimately left the Tübingen school .

Around 1860 the Anglican New Testament scholar and philologist Brooke Foss Westcott took up Baur's methods and developed a historically intensified critical method of biblical research.

Three schools in Tübingen

Some historians even distinguish between three schools in Tübingen:

  1. Older Tübingen school (Protestant), founded by GC Storr (1746–1805). She essentially represented Kant's supranaturalism , according to which divine revelation is above all human reason. Hence the formal authority of the Bible also has its place in research.
  2. Tübingen School (Catholic), founded by JS Drey around 1819, further developed by Möhler and Hirscher.
  3. Younger Tübingen school (Protestant), founded around 1826 by FC Baur. In contrast to (1) she advocates a historical-critical theology free of dogmatic presuppositions.

In the 20th century, the latter schools also found numerous representatives among natural scientists and philosophers, such as Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker .

literature

  • Michael Kessler, Ottmar Fuchs (ed.): Theology as an instance of modernity. Contributions and studies on Johann Sebastian Drey and the Catholic Tübingen School (Tübingen Studies on Theology and Philosophy), 2005, ISBN 978-3-7720-8075-3
  • Stefan Warthmann: The Catholic School of Tübingen. On the history of their perception (Contubernium 75). Stuttgart 2011, ISBN 978-3-5150-9856-4
  • Tübingen school in Meyers Konversationslexikon
  • Josef Rupert Geiselmann : The Catholic Tübingen School: its theological peculiarity , Herder 1964.
  • Josef Mader: Revelation as God's self-revelation: Hegel's understanding of religion as an impetus for a new understanding of revelation in Catholic theology of the 19th century . Lit. 2000. ISBN 9783825843090
  • Gerhard Müller: Theological real encyclopedia: Volume 35: Reason III - return of all . Walter De Gruyter, 2003. ISBN 3-11-017781-1 , p. 676 (available from Google Books )
  • Ulrich Köpf (Ed.): Historical-critical view of history: Ferdinand Christian Baur and his students. Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1994, ISBN 9783799532341 (available from Google Books ).