Kehlhof Schwamendingen
The Kehlhof Schwamendingen in Schwamendingen is a former feudal farm and official office of the Great Minster . The under monument protection standing Kehlhof with its 7 Jochen one of the largest known multi-row frame buildings and one of the last farms of the village.
location
The Kehlhof is located at Stettbachweg 8 opposite the old church in the center of Schwamendingen, a district of the city of Zurich .
history
The Kehlhof and its owner Ruodpert , cellerarius zuo Swamundinga , were first mentioned in writing in 929. In 915 the hamlet of Schwamendingen consisted of ten houses. The family of the cellars of Schwamendingen was mentioned around the year 1000 as the owner of the Kehlhof. The cellars became 1320 citizens of the city of Zurich and provided the city with two mayors, 65 councilors, 71 bailiffs and 26 clergy. In 1487 the captain and commander-in-chief Felix Keller received a coat of arms with an ibex and a letter of nobility from the emperor for himself and his descendants. The Capricorn cellars now had a black Capricorn in gold in their coat of arms, while it used to be a black key. In 1573, the canons of the Grossmünster at the Schwamendinger Kehlhof issued a financial regulation because they determined dissolute budgeting, large debts and the risk of imminent bankruptcy.
According to the opening of Schwamendingen in 1400 and 1533, court was held twice a year in the Kehlhof, as the official office of the Grossmünster, under the chairmanship of the provost (May and autumn court). The provost was protected by the Vogt on the Kyburg in the exercise of his office. The high court, which judged especially on life and death, was exercised by the Kyburgers and, after their extinction in 1264, by the Habsburgs. The awarding of the Kehlhof was also confirmed on the day of the court if the farmers gave the cellar a good certificate. The cellar (also called Kehlhofer) had a right of supervision over the farmers in the village and over the Weibel. This was a village official and was elected by the village community. 1404 gave King Ruprecht of the provost Grossmünster to the lower courts nor the criminal court , so this was all manorial rights over Schwamendingen in possession. The lower jurisdiction ( Twing or Bann ) was only handed over to the city by the Grossmünster Canons during the Reformation.
Building history
From 1555 to 1557, the Kehlhof was rebuilt on the foundations of its predecessor. The building was expanded in width and length to one of the largest multi-row post structures with 7 bays and an eaves spacing of 17.50 meters. In the multi-row construction developed in the 16th century, the middle row ( Hochstud ) leading to the roof beam ( ridge purlin ) was replaced by two inner rows of high stands that reached from the threshold to the central purlin. With this special type of construction, wider and larger buildings could be erected and the room division (floor plan) increased from two to three rooms (living room, open hearth, chamber). The symmetrical arrangement of the inner column rows meant that the room and chamber had the same room width, while the middle room could be varied by the distance between the two inner columns. This floor plan standard lasted into the 19th century. The scaffolding system could be designed more flexibly in the longitudinal direction. The elongated spaces, delimited by containers, were called yokes . At the Kehlhof, the living part comprises two bays, the economic part three (barn, stable, fodder barn). Two yokes for an additional stable and an additional partition were added later. Roof tiles from Schwamendingen's production replaced the thatched roof that had previously been used. The unusual arrangement of the room in the northern third of the room is likely to be related to the orientation towards the church opposite. The size of the multi-row building is now less than the size of the house, which was extended in 1782.
literature
- Beat Haas, Urs Jäggin: The Kehlhof in Schwamendingen - Investigations on a rural monumental building , in: Report 2003–2006, pp. 36–41.
Web links
- The cellars of Schwamendingen
- History of Schwamendens (PDF file; 39 kB)
- Zurich History: Problems in the 16th Century (PDF file; 310 kB)
Coordinates: 47 ° 24 '12.9 " N , 8 ° 34' 24.7" E ; CH1903: 685664 / 250926