Celtic settlement new building

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The Neubau Celtic settlement was a large late Latèn period settlement in the village of Neubau , the area of ​​which extends to the two communities of Hörsching and Traun in Upper Austria .

location

The settlement is located directly on Vienna's B1 federal road , which runs from Linz in the northeast to Wels in the southwest , about one kilometer southeast of Linz Airport , on an almost flat gravel terrace that rises four meters above the lower terrace of the Traun.

According to excavation finds and aerial photographs, the settlement covers a total area of ​​at least 15 hectares. It is one of the large Celtic settlements and one of the largest known flatland settlements of the La Tène culture in Austria. Only the Celtic town of Sandberg in Roseldorf in Lower Austria is larger.

As a former neighboring settlements, the two Celtic hilltop settlements on are Freiberg and at Kürnberg and north of the Danube , the Oppidum of Gründberg to name.

history

In 1939, the Hermann Lehner gravel excavator opened a large gravel pit in a new building for the construction of Linz Airport. The prehistoric settlement layers were already touched upon by the first processing, which, although reported, could not be investigated due to the war.

In September 1954 the finds in the gravel pit "Lehner" piled up, so that the company owner informed the Upper Austrian State Museum . In 1955 Eduard Beninger carried out the first large-scale excavations in the mining zone of the gravel pit. In his evaluations, Beninger dealt in detail with the building and construction methods of Celtic houses. It soon became clear that it was the remains of the largest known late Latène settlement in Austria.

In the years 2005–2006 and 2008, the Federal Monuments Office accompanied the four-lane expansion of the B1 – Wiener Bundesstrasse with archaeological research. On the almost one hectare excavation area, over 1,300 colonization finds of the middle and especially the younger La Tène culture, indicated by soil discoloration, were documented.

Finds

In addition to numerous postings, there are remains of dozens of pit houses, ovens and wells in the explored settlement area. About 140 banana boxes full of ceramic fragments and 60 cardboard boxes with animal bones were recovered from the settlement and rubbish pits. The numerous small finds include implements and tools made of iron and bone, jewelry made of bronze and iron, fragments of bracelets, fibulae and beads made of colored glass.

More than 550 recorded Celtic coins mean by far the largest coin find in Upper Austria (followed by the treasure find in Obernberg am Inn with 106 pieces). There is no evidence of local coin production, but the stippling plates found for casting coarse coins (coin blanks) indicate that activities related to the production of coins were carried out. In addition to the Celtic coin finds, there are 11 coins from the Roman Empire .

In addition, a burial ground of the urn field culture was explored in the southern edge of the settlement . In front of the entrance to the Hörsching barracks , stool graves from a late Neolithic- Early Bronze Age settlement were found.

literature

  • Eduard Beninger : Late Celtic house buildings by Neubau, Gem. Traun. In: Yearbook of the Upper Austrian Museum Association. Volume 101, Linz 1956, pp. 125–166, online (PDF) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at.
  • Heinz Gruber: New excavations in the late Latène Age settlement of Hörsching-Neubau. In: Erwin M. Ruprechtsberger, Otto Helmut Urban (scientific director): From the Celtic treasure to the early Linze. Accompanying volume for the exhibition “From the Celtic Treasure to the Early Linze” in the NORDICO City Museum Linz 8.2. – 20.5.2013. Linz 2013, ISBN 978-3-85484-442-6 , pp. 83-89.
  • Stefan Moser: The Latène period settlement of Neubau near Traun - new finds of Celtic planar forms from Upper Austria. In: Yearbook of the Upper Austrian Museum Association. Bank 146, 1, Linz 2002, pp. 97–128, PDF on ZOBODAT
  • Helmut Raubec: The coinage of the Celts on the central Danube - development and influences from foreign areas. Diploma thesis, Vienna 2013, 117 pages, PDF .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Gruber 2013, p. 83.
  2. ↑ a b c Gruber 2013, p. 84.
  3. ↑ a b c Beninger 1956, p. 125.
  4. ↑ a b Gruber 2013, p. 86.
  5. ↑ a b Gruber 2013, p. 88.
  6. ↑ Günther Dembski: A Celtic treasure find from Obernberg am Inn. In: Vindobona docet. 40 years of the Institute for Numismatics and Monetary History of the University of Vienna, 1965 - 2005. Austrian Numismatic Society (Ed.): Publications of the Institute for Numismatics and Monetary History Vienna 10. (= Numismatic Journal 113/114), Vienna 2005, pp. 65–76 .
  7. ↑ a b c Gruber 2013, p. 89.

Coordinates: 48 ° 13 ′ 33.6 ″  N , 14 ° 12 ′ 22.7 ″  E