Klahoose
With Klahoose or complete Klahoose First Nation is one of the Canadian First Nations in British Columbia . She belongs to the Salish language group , culturally the Coast Salish , and lives in the northern Strait of Georgia between Vancouver Island and the mainland. Its traditional area is northeast of Campbell River and includes Desolation Sound and the Toba Inlet drainage area. They are closely related to the Sliammon and the Homalco .
According to the Aboriginal Portal Canada, Klahoose currently has 285 members, around 60 of whom live on the reservation, around 150 in Campbell River, Qathet Regional District and Vancouver . ƛohos (Klahoose) means something like bullhead .
They are represented to the Canadian federal and provincial governments by the Naut'Sa Mawt Tribal Council , which represents nine other tribes.
language
The Klahoose language belongs to the coastal Salish group, the dialect is called ʔayʔǰuθəm. It corresponds almost exactly to the idiom of the Sliammon and Homalco First Nations. However, like almost all Salish languages, the dialect is threatened with extinction. In 2003, a program called the Developmental Standard Term Certificate was started with the University of Victoria to teach tribal members the language again. Linguistic and practical language courses were held until 2009. This also includes its own font and two stories.
history
First contacts with Europeans
On July 2, 1792, two research teams from the Chatham and the Discovery , the ships of George Vancouver , met the Sliammon, the Klahoose's neighbors. Gl'amin, today's Lund (where Highway 101 begins today), could have been shared by the tribes.
In 1862, a severe smallpox epidemic that killed a large number of British Columbia's natives , including the Klahoose. Remnants of another tribe were reunited with the surviving Klahoose and relocated to Squirrel Cove . Numerous whalers - a train station was built in Whaletown in 1869 - lived from exports. But within two years the whale population collapsed completely and the station was closed again.
Michael Manson of the Shetland Islands was the first settler to come to the island in 1886. At what is now Manson's Landing , he set up a trading post. His steamboats and the fish caught by the Klahoose and their neighbors supplied the coal mines. In 1893 the first post office opened for the 40 inhabitants of the island, a few years later 12 pupils were taught.
Mission, land sale and forced assimilation
The first church was built in 1896. At this time the present-day community was founded, which is located on the east bank of Cortes Island in Squirrel Cove.
Large parts of the traditional area were sold around this time, but the Klahoose, like all First Nations, had no right to buy. The children were increasingly sent to boarding-type schools where they were to be raised to be Canadians. After the dissolution of these residential schools - for the Klahoose it was primarily the school in Sechelt - more than ten thousand cases of assault were brought before numerous courts in Canada. Later the churches and the state of Canada apologized and set up a reparation fund. This expired in March 2007 and paid affected members of the Klahoose around CAD 224,000 . In June 2008, Prime Minister Stephen Harper also apologized.
Wood harvesting on Cortes Island
In 1989, numerous residents of Cortes Island demonstrated against the deforestation by the timber company MacMillan Bloedel . In 1999 the chief of the Klahosse, Kathy Francis, signed a contract for the ecological use of the forest area on Cortes Island with the Cortes Ecoforestry Society . The trigger was the sale of the entire crown land on the island to Canadian Forest Products Ltd. - without consulting the Klahoose. The Klahoose owned a small area in the interior of the island.
Transport links
The remote Cortes Island was equipped with a ferry connection to Quadra Island late , and since 1969 also to Vancouver Island .
Todays situation
The Klahoose First Nation is spread over 10 reservations with a total area of 1,357 hectares. The largest reservations are Klahoose Indian Reservation 1 with 923 hectares (at the mouth of the Toba River in Toba Inlet) and Klahoose 7 with 183 hectares. The main town is on Cortes Island in Squirrel Cove.
In 2007, Ken Brown was elected as the new chief. The largest task and probably one of the most important sources of income will be the contract with Plutonic Power , an electricity and water provider. In September 2007, CAD 30 million was earmarked for this, and construction work has already started. Together with Prime Minister Campbell , the chief opened the East Toba / Montrose Creek Hydroelectric Project in the Toba Valley. The total cost is expected to be $ 660 million. The power plant is expected to deliver 196 megawatts . The provincial government plans to invest a total of 3 billion dollars in what is known as the Green Power Corridor , a series of systems that will provide “clean” electricity for 500,000 households.
Remarks
- ↑ A map can be found here: Archived copy ( memento of the original dated November 7, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ↑ See Community Information. Klahoose First Nation ( Memento of the original from September 14, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ↑ See [1] .
- ↑ Currently there are around 500 words including pronunciation, plus 250 sentences on the FirstVoices page: Klahoose Community Portal ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ^ S. Aboriginal Healing Foundation .
- ↑ Cf. Nathan VanderKlippe: BC's clean energy drive fuels alternative energy boom , in: Financial Post, October 5, 2007 ( Memento of the original of November 9, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
literature
- Franz Boas: Comparative Vocabularies of eight Salishan languages , 1900
- Wayne Suttles (Ed.): Handbook of North American Indians . Volume 7: Northwest Coast. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC 1990. ISBN 0-87474-187-4