Engelgarten monastery

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The monastery in an old view
Former mill house of the Carthusian monastery

The Engelberg Abbey Garden (lat. Hortus angelorum) is a former monastery of the Carthusian in Würzburg in Bavaria in the diocese of Wuerzburg. It was at the point where the Mainfranken Theater is today.

history

Several people can be considered as founders of the Engelgarten Charterhouse in Würzburg . Johannes de Ariete, in German Johann vom Steren (around 1270-1329; cf. Bürgerspital zum Heiligen Geist ), sold the extensive site on December 17, 1348 to the Carthusians. The area was called "Teufelsgarten" because the previous owner was called Teufel. The Würzburg Bishop Albrecht von Hohenlohe then renamed it "Engelgarten". The monastery, which was built between 1351 and 1352, was consecrated by the bishop on May 13, 1352 and placed under the protection of all angels (Latin omnes sancti angeli ). Johann von Echternach was appointed first superior.

In the early days of the monastery, several influential donors, mainly from patrician families, have come down to us. Dean Eberhard von Riedern, Canon Eberhard von Hirschhorn, Konrad Zingel and Hartmodus Beyer brought the monks prosperity and land in the area. In 1397 the uprising of the citizens of Würzburg against Bishop Gerhard von Schwarzburg shook the nearby town. The burgraves of Nuremberg, Friedrich and Johann , prevented destruction on the grounds of the Charterhouse. The situation relaxed again in the 15th century and the Charterhouse produced the writer monk Heinrich Reicher.

In 1525, during the German Peasants' War , the Würzburg Carthusian Monastery, unlike Astheim or Tückelhausen, was not destroyed. The Reformation then also brought Würzburg a decline in monks. In 1574 only one monk has come down to us in the Charterhouse. In 1631 the monastery accepted persecuted brothers from Grünau in the Charterhouse. A short time later, the Würzburg Carthusians themselves had to flee to the fortress from the Swedes. They quartered a regiment in the empty monastery buildings and caused great destruction.

In 1648, after the end of the Thirty Years' War , the monastery experienced an upswing. In 1666 it was given farms in Oberpleichfeld , so that in 1797 it had possessions that were widely scattered throughout the diocese. The number of monks also remained constant.

The end of the monastery took place in 1803 with the secularization . The monks were expelled and the chapel of the monastery church was converted into a Protestant church in April 1803 (the entire church was not restored until 1811), the pastor of which, Karl Heinrich Fuchs, had already held the first public Protestant church services since 1634 in Würzburg in 1802. The new owners of the site, which had been divided by sixteen, used it as an "orthopedic sanatorium", as a "water and steam bath" and as a brewery. The building was demolished in 1853 when space was needed for the Ludwigs-West-Bahn station . The street name “Kartause” and the restaurant “Zum Karthäuser” are still reminiscent of the Carthusians in Würzburg.

architecture

Due to the many foundations, the monastery received several buildings as early as the 1470s. These included the church, a sacristy , a chapter house , a refectory and several monks' cells. Another chapel was built between 1575 and 1590. Before the beginning of the 17th century, the church was converted into a hall with a three-bay lay church, and Renaissance gables were attached to the gatehouse.

The still-preserved monastery mill also dates from the 17th century. It has a gable roof and is equipped with volute gables . The building was destroyed in World War II, but rebuilt in 1961. The mill is listed by the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation under the number D-6-63-000-241 as a monument.

Name of the monastery

The monastery has received many different names over time. The names "Cartusia Herbipolitani", "Cartusia Herbipolensis", "Cartusia Herbipolitana" appear in Latin documents. The name of the plant is used in "Cartusia Horti Angelorum" and "Cartusia de Horto Angelorum". In French it was called "Chartreuse du Jardin des Anges".

literature

  • CF Albrecht: The architecture of the Franconian Carthusians. In: Carthusians in Franconia. Würzburg 1996, pp. 48–78 (Church, Art and Culture in Franconia; 5) pp. 70–71.
  • N. Backmund: The smaller orders in Bavaria and their monasteries up to secularization. Windberg Abbey 1974. pp. 70-71.
  • E. Braun: The Carthusians and their founding in the city of Würzburg in the 14th century. Theol. Diploma thesis, Würzburg 1979.
  • W. Engel: 600 years of Engelgarten Charterhouse in Würzburg. In: Old Franconian Pictures. 51 (1952).
  • I. Gropp: Collectio rarissima scriptorum et rerum Wirceburgensium a saeculo XVI., XVII et XVIII. Vol. 1. Frankfurt 1741.
  • J. Hogg: The Charterhouse Grünau. In: Carthusians in Franconia. Würzburg 1996, pp. 79-94. (Church, art and culture in Franconia; 5)
  • J. Hogg: The Würzburg Charterhouse. In: Carthusians in Franconia. Würzburg 1996, pp. 95-100. With more literature.
  • E. Markert: In memory of the Engelgarten Charterhouse in Würzburg. In: Holy Franconia. Würzburg 1952, pp. 179-180.
  • T. Memminger: Würzburg's streets and buildings. Wuerzburg 1921.
  • SD Mühlberg: To the monastery complex of the Carthusian Order. Phil. Diss. Cologne 1949, pp. 63-66.
  • A. Pabel: Coenobia sunt paradisus in terris et in eis degentes sunt angeli. In: binding research. , 12. 2003, pp. 31-37.
  • Franz Seberich: Gates and towers in old Würzburg. In: Mainlande. 1958.
  • PE Ullrich: The Karthaus Engelgarten in Würzburg. T. 1, In: Archives of the Historical Association of Lower Franconia and Aschaffenburg. 40, 1898, pp. 1-72.
  • Erik Soder v. Güldenstubbe: Würzburg , in: Monasticon Cartusiense , ed. by Gerhard Schlegel, James Hogg, Volume 2, Salzburg 2004, 333–338.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Koller, Michael (ed.): Carthusians in Franconia . P. 95.
  2. ^ House of Bavarian History: Würzburg Charterhouse , accessed on April 6, 2013.
  3. ↑ Koller, Michael (ed.): Carthusians in Franconia . P. 98.
  4. ↑ Martin Elze: The Evangelical Lutheran Church. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes, Volume I-III / 2, Theiss, Stuttgart 2001-2007; III / 1–2: From the transition to Bavaria to the 21st century. 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1478-9 , pp. 482-494 and 1305 f., Here: S: 482 and 485.
  5. ^ House of Bavarian History: Würzburg Charterhouse , accessed on April 6, 2013.
  6. ↑ Geodata: Monument number D-6-63-000-241 , accessed on April 6, 2013.

Coordinates: 49 ° 47 '46 "  N , 9 ° 56' 17.2"  E