Charterhouse
A Carthusian monastery (formerly Charterhouse ) is a monastery of the Carthusian Order . The name Charterhouse is derived from the Latin Cartusia for the place where the first Charterhouse was founded, the ancestral monastery La Grande Chartreuse , which was created in 1084 .
history
In 1084 built Bruno of Cologne and six companions in La Chartreuse , an isolated mountainous area in the French department of Isère in Grenoble , the first Carthusian monastery. It is known as La Grande Chartreuse ( the Great Charterhouse ) and is still the mother monastery of the Carthusian Order. The first Charterhouse was destroyed by a stone avalanche as early as 1132 and rebuilt about two kilometers south. The Great Charterhouse was destroyed by fire eight times over the years and then rebuilt. Most of the buildings of today's Great Charterhouse date from the 17th century, but individual elements have been preserved from the 14th and 15th centuries.
Further foundations of Carthusian monasteries followed, the first already in 1091 by Bruno of Cologne in Italy , the still existing monastery of Santo Stefano del Bosco in the Calabria region .
Architectural style
A uniform architectural style did not develop among the Carthusians. The individual Carthusian monasteries are constructed in accordance with the architecture of their time and the local conditions. The only characteristic element of all Carthusian monasteries is the large cloister around which the hermitages of the fathers are grouped.
These cells of the fathers consist of individual, separate houses, each with a garden. The houses usually include an anteroom ("Ave Maria"), the lounge and bedroom ("Cubiculum") with a prayer chair ("Oratorium") and a workshop ("Laboratorium"). Most of the houses are two-story, but in modern foundations, such as the Marienau Charterhouse near Bad Wurzach, they were also single -story . In the High Middle Ages there were magnificently endowed foundations. Modern foundations are more evidence of poverty and simplicity, in line with the religious ideal.
Floor plan of the former Reich Charterhouse in Buxheim
Floor plan of the former Charterhouse Port-Sainte-Marie near Clermont-Ferrand
Sketch of a father cell of the Marienau Charterhouse
Section of a priest cell of the Grande Chartreuse
Cell of the former Carthusian monastery Chartreuse de la Verne
Monastery cell of the Chartreuse de Bonnefoy
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Kartausen today
In the course of time, a total of 272 Carthusian monasteries emerged, of which 23 still exist today, including 18 monasteries for monks and 5 for nuns . According to their vocation to the lonely life that allow exam regulations of the Carthusians no access to the public. Existing Kartausen cannot be visited.
Convent for monks
Existing Carthusian monks in Europe |
The most recent establishment is the Sudowon Charterhouse in South Korea from 2004. The last abolition took place in 2011 ( Cartuxa Santa María Scala Coeli in Évora , Portugal).
A relocation of the Aula Dei Charterhouse near Saragossa in Spain is currently being considered, as there is great public pressure to make the art treasures of the old monastery complex accessible to the public. Similar events led to the abolition of the Charterhouse in Florence in 1956 .
The Chartreuse de Sélignac is currently only inhabited by a few lay brothers. With the Maison Saint Bruno, Sélignac offers the only opportunity for a retreat in a Carthusian branch. Other Carthusian monasteries only allow applicants to join the order. The idea of such a house is an absolute novelty in the 900-year history of the Carthusian Order.
Convention for nuns
Existing Carthusian monasteries for nuns in Europe |
The youngest convent of Carthusian women is the Monastère de l'Annonciation in Daewoli, South Korea. The monastery building was inaugurated and moved into in 2010.
The last cancellation took place in 2014 ( Certosa di Vedana in Sospirolo , Italy).
| Surname | location | founding year | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chartreuse de Nonenque | Marnhagues-et-Latour, Occitania Region ( ⊙ ) | France | 1928 |
| Cartuja Santa Maria de Benifaçà | La Pobla de Benifassà , Valencia Region ( ⊙ ) | Spain | 1967 |
| Chartreuse Notre Dame | Reillanne , Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region ( ⊙ ) | France | 1978 |
| Certosa della Trinità | Dego , Province of Savona ( ⊙ ) | Italy | 1994 |
| Monastère de l'Annonciation | Daewoli | South Korea | 2010 |
Dissolved Carthusians
A list of the dissolved Carthusian monasteries can be found in the article List of Carthusian Monasteries .
literature
- James Hogg: Charterhouse . In: Walter Kasper (Ed.): Lexicon for Theology and Church . 3. Edition. tape 5 . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1996, Sp. 1266-1268 .
- Nancy Klein Maguire: In the quiet of many small hours. Five Carthusian novices in search of God . Goldmann, Munich 2007, ISBN 3-442-33776-3 .
Web links
- Website of the Carthusian Order . Here you can find the addresses of the individual Kartausen and pictures of the various branches. In some cases, information on the individual houses is also available (in the local language).
- kartause.net , Internet presence of the Association of Friends of the Carthusian Monastery of Aggsbach with extensive information on the work of the Carthusian Order.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Retreat on the website of the Carthusian Order , accessed on April 29, 2018