Grünau Monastery
The Grünau monastery (also Kartause Grünau ) is a former monastery of the Carthusians southeast of Schollbrunn in Bavaria in the diocese of Würzburg. It was called "Nova Cella" (also "Kartause Neuzell") by the monks and was the oldest Charterhouse in Franconia .
history
The monastery, consecrated to the Blessed Virgin Mary , St. Laurentius and St. Nicholas , was founded by Elisabeth von Hohenlohe , daughter of a Count von Wertheim . She probably made atonement for a hunting accident that she was responsible for, in which her husband Gottfried von Hohenlohe-Röttingen had died. On March 15, 1328, the Carthusian monks from Mainz received the town of Schollbrunn to found a new monastery there.
A monastery already existed at the site of the later Carthusian monastery, which was inhabited by canons from Triefenstein and was regularly the destination of pilgrimages . The monks were released and left the area. The new monastery developed quickly despite a small number of monks, as several places were placed under the Carthusian monastery. The brothers received donations from the Eichel parish and from the Hasloch chapel .
In the years 1457–1463 Hammanus de Rudisheim was prior of the Charterhouse. He was the author of several meditations . In 1525, during the Peasants' War , the residents of the surrounding towns were looted. The monks had fled from the destruction to the Charterhouse in Ilmbach .
The Reformation brought radical changes to the monastery. In 1545 the family of the Counts von Wertheim joined Luther's teachings and took over the administration of Grünau. After only three monks had lived in the charterhouse in 1550, the monastery was completely dissolved in 1557 and the last prior Matthias de Monte was expelled . The area was transferred to the Wertheim Hospital, the other goods were given to the sister Carthusians in the surrounding area. In 1615/1616 Grünau was officially united with the Ilmbach Charterhouse.
The situation only changed in 1629, when Carthusian monks settled in the area again, who were protected from dissolution by an imperial letter of protection . Nevertheless, they had to give up the Charterhouse again in 1631, as the Swedes conquered the country under Gustav Adolf . The king handed the monastery over to the Löwenstein-Wertheim family. After the Swedes withdrew, the monks regained half of their property. In 1635 the monastery was rebuilt.
In 1803 it was dissolved with the secularization . The Charterhouse came into the possession of the Counts of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg , who converted it into a royal estate in 1820. The church was used until 1812.
Today the facility is used as an inn. The Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation lists the monastery under monument number D-6-77-182-10 (see list of architectural monuments in Schollbrunn ).
architecture
Since there are no pictures of the earlier monastery, it is difficult to relate the building history . What is certain is that a chapel was consecrated in 1216 . Several other buildings were not completed until 1333, underlining the provisional character of the first monastery. In the beginning, the monks only had a portable altar to celebrate their masses.
In the 15th century, a hundred years after it was founded, the chapel was enlarged and consecrated in 1446. The 18th century brought some changes to the appearance of the Charterhouse: in 1779 a portal was built in the west of the complex, which connected to the prior's cell. The lower and upper convent buildings followed . In 1728 the monastery church was moved there instead of the upper convent building. This ensemble was enclosed by a wall. A refectory was probably located in the basement of the church and the sacristy in the northeast of the complex .
The demolition of the building began in the 17th century. The church was abandoned a century later, and further destruction took place in 1878. In the 1720s, the remaining cells of the monks were demolished, which in the 16th century had probably increased to an impressive 16.
Today the site consists of the 17th century procuracy building, remains of the surrounding wall, the main building and a guest house. Little of the interior has been preserved either. There are only a few books in Wertheim.
literature
- Norbert Backmund: The smaller orders in Bavaria and their monasteries up to secularization . Windberg 1974.
- Michael Koller (Ed.): Carthusians in Franconia . In: Brückner, Wolfgang; Lenssen, Jürgen (Hrsg.): Church, art and culture in Franconia. Volume 5 . Wuerzburg 1996.
- Erik Soder v. Güldenstubbe: Grünau , in: Monasticon Cartusiense , ed. by Gerhard Schlegel, James Hogg, Volume 2, Salzburg 2004, 326–332.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Jürgen Wätjer: The history of the Carthusian monastery Templum Beatae Mariae zu Ahrensbök (1397–1564) . Matthiesen, Husum 1988, p. 48
- ↑ Koller, Michael (ed.): Carthusians in Franconia . P. 79.
- ↑ Koller, Michael (ed.): Carthusians in Franconia . P. 84.
- ↑ Koller, Michael (ed.): Carthusians in Franconia . P. 85.
- ^ House of Bavarian History: Kartause Grünau , accessed on April 1, 2013.
- ↑ Page of the inn: Kartause Grünau , accessed on April 1, 2013.
- ↑ Koller, Michael (ed.): Carthusians in Franconia . P. 74.
Web links
Coordinates: 49 ° 49 ′ 3.5 ″ N , 9 ° 28 ′ 31.3 ″ E