Kloveniersburgwal
The Kloveniersburgwal , also popularly known as de Kloof , is one of the oldest canals in Amsterdam . It is located in the east of the medieval center of Amsterdam between the Nieuwmarkt and the Amstel .
Surname
The name goes back to the Kloveniers , a type of musket used by the Schuttersgilde (Schützenbruderschaft) and which is also depicted in Rembrandt's famous painting The Night Watch .
history
Together with the Geldersekade and the Singel , the Kloveniersburgwal, dug at the end of the 15th century, formed the eastern part of the moat around the medieval city center of Amsterdam. On the bank of the canal facing the city a city wall was built in 1481 with three small and one large watchtower ( Swijgh Utrecht ). Adjacent to the wall were mainly gardens and the Bethany monastery. After further canals were dug and new defensive works were built, the city wall at Kloveniersburgwal became superfluous and replaced by residential houses.
During the Second World War , at the beginning of February 1941, the Kloveniersburgwal formed the border for the Jodenbuurt ghetto (German: Jewish quarter ) established by the Nazi German occupiers . More than 25,000 Jewish residents lived in this district between the main train station, Kloveniersburgwal, Waterlooplein , Valkenburgerstraat and Prins Hendrikkade.
The De Roode Draad Foundation, founded in 1985, has been located on Kloveniersburgwal, which is in the immediate vicinity of the red light district De Wallen , since 1987 . The foundation campaigned for the rights of illegal and legal prostitutes in Amsterdam and was closed in June 2009 due to a lack of funds.
Individual buildings
The Sint-Paulusbroederklooster (Saint Paulus Brothers Monastery), first mentioned in 1409 and originally located outside the city walls, was not home to monks, but pious citizens who preferred a monastic life. The monastery belonged to the " Third Order " of the Franciscans . The first monastery was built on Oudezijds Achterburgwal , and in 1415 the monastery was expanded on Kloveniersburgwal. By 1497 the monastery expanded and included an area between Spinhuissteg, Oudezijds Achterburgwal, Kloveniersburgwal and Oude Hoogstraat. Around 1530 parts of the monastery were leased or sold due to financial difficulties. Little by little, the city of Amsterdam grew until the monastery was located within the city in 1544. On May 26, 1578, the Catholic city government of Amsterdam was deposed and the city confiscated all churches and monasteries. This event became known as the “ Alteratie von Amsterdam ”. The Oost-Indisch Huis , the headquarters of the Dutch East India Company, was built on the site of the monastery at the beginning of the 17th century .
The former Oudemanhuispoort retirement home is located on Kloveniersburgwal , founded on August 9, 1602 and is now a listed building. Thousands of elderly people lived here during the home's 230-year history. Lotteries were used to raise money for food and drink; the daily routine was determined by worship and strict rules.
Towards the end of 1831 the old people's home was closed, and from 1832 the building served as a cholera hospital, later as the Academy of Fine Arts and for 30 years as accommodation for the Van der Hoop Museum , the predecessor of today's Rijksmuseum . Since 1880 the Poort has been an important center for the University of Amsterdam . Today the Oudemanhuispoort also serves as the entrance to a daily book market.
At Kloveniersburgwal No. 56 to 58 there is a so-called twin house from 1740, consisting of two narrow, identical-looking houses that were renovated in 1996.
De Kloof Church was built on canal no. 50 in 1793 ; it is now a listed building ( Rijksmonument ). The company theater has been housed in the former church since 1990 . The Perdu literary theater and the Doelenzaal , the venue for the international dance theater, are also located on the canal .
The widest house in Amsterdam with a width of 22 meters is the Trippenhuis at No. 29 Kloveniersburgwal. It was built in 1660 by the architect Justus Vingboons. The clients were the brothers Lodewijk and Hendrick Trip . One of the narrowest houses in Amsterdam is number 26 with a width of 2.44 meters. It was named the Kleine Trippenhuis and Huis van de koetsier van de heer Trip (Mr Trip's coachman's house).
The Binnengasthuis at Kloveniersburgwal was the largest hospital in Amsterdam for 400 years. The Tweede Chirurgische Kliniek (second surgical clinic) and the Zusterhaus (nurses' house) were added in 1897.
Individual evidence
- ↑ The history of the St. Paul brother monastery ; with images ( memento of the original dated November 13, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Dutch; Retrieved June 23, 2009
- ↑ Oudemanhuispport under monument protection ( Memento of the original of February 8, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Dutch, accessed September 20, 2012
- ↑ Jurjen Vis: De Oudemanhuispoort en Haar gebruikers
- ↑ History of Oudemanhuispoort . With photos. Dutch, accessed September 20, 2012
- ↑ Author: Coert-Peter Krabbe. Bureau Monumenten Archeologie, 2001 ( Memento of the original from December 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . History of the Binnengasthuis. Dutch, accessed September 20, 2012
- ↑ See this: D. de Moulin: Vier eeuwen Amsterdams Binnengasthuis. Three bijdragen over de divorceis van een gasthuis
further reading
- Jurjen Vis: De Oudemanhuispoort en Haar gebruikers 1602-2002 . Uitgeverij Boom, September 2002. ISBN 90-53528-45-8
- CP Krabbe: Monumentaal en signposted. De gebouwen van het Binnengasthuis . In: V. van Rossem, M. Bakker (editor): Amsterdam maakt geschiedenis. Vijftig jaar op zoek naar de genius loci . Amsterdam 2004. pp. 134 to 175
- R. Meischke: De gebouwen van het Binnengasthuis in de negentiende en twintigste eeuw . In: D. de Moulin (and others): Vier eeuwen Amsterdams Binnengasthuis. Three bijdragen over de divorceis van een gasthuis . Wormer 1981. pp. 105 to 157
- Ro Cohen - de Wolff: Een naam is as een parfum . In the magazine: "Ons Amsterdam", No. 10, 1958. pp. 94–95.
Web links
- Video recording from Kloveniersburgwal - Raamgracht
- Gable photos of the old canal houses
- Photos over canals in Amsterdam
Coordinates: 52 ° 22 ′ 11 " N , 4 ° 53 ′ 51" E