Hydrocarbon solvents
Hydrocarbon solvents (KWL) for dry cleaning of textiles consist of aliphatic hydrocarbons .
properties
The KWL consists of a mixture of dearomatized , high-boiling hydrocarbons , more precisely of paraffins , isoparaffins and cyclic hydrocarbons without heteroatoms such as fluorine or chlorine . Handling KWL creates a fire and explosion hazard. As an aliphatic mixture, it dissolves lipids well, but hardly any proteins , carbohydrates and salts .
history
In the 19th century, petroleum and benzene were used for textile cleaning . From 1870 they were replaced by light petrol . Heavy gasoline was used from the 1920s . These solvents were highly flammable . From 1900 to about 1960 carbon tetrachloride was therefore used as a non-flammable but toxic solvent. In the following years, the less toxic solvents perchlorethylene (Per) and trichloroethane (Tri) were increasingly used. From the 1950s on, the non-toxic and non-flammable, but climate-damaging CFCs R113 and R11 were developed. Since December 31, 1992, CFCs can only be used in Germany with a special permit. KWL are now used in dry cleaning as a replacement for the ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) that were previously used . Approx. 30% of all textile cleaners in Germany use KWL for cleaning.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i A. Amanpour, K. Hertlein et al .: Cleaning with hydrocarbons and water: tried and tested methods for the metal, plastics, electronics and textile industries and for other users; with 35 tables. Volume 469 of Kontakt und Studium, Oberflächentechnik , expert verlag, 1995, ISBN 978-3-816-91088-6 , pp. 214-231.
- ↑ Overview of cleaning processes and solvents in textile cleaning. (No longer available online.) German Textile Cleaning Association, archived from the original on December 8, 2015 ; Retrieved December 3, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
