Light petrol

Light petrol
Qualitative boiling curves of crude oil
other names	Petroleum ether (petroleum ether) Ligroin Pure petrol, special petrol, mineral spirits, mineral spirits, stain (s) petrol, boiling limit (s) petrol 60/95, FAM normal petrol Old names: Extraction benzine, petroleum benzine, Gasolin, Hydririn, Hydrür, Solin, Kerosol, Zymogen (US), Rhigolen (US) and others
Trade names	Exxsol ™, Hydrosol, Total Solane, Exxon Isopar ™,
Brief description	colorless, very volatile gasoline from the turn of the century to the 1920s, super aviation fuel in the First World War, cleaning agents and stain removers since the 1850s
origin	fossil
CAS number	64742-49-0; 8032-32-4 ligroin; 8030-30-6
properties
Physical state	liquid
density	0.640-0.700 kg / L
Octane number	about 70-88 RON
Boiling range	25 ° C-100 ° C 60 ° C-100 ° C (ligroin)
safety instructions
GHS labeling of hazardous substances danger H and P phrases H: 225-304-315-336-411 P: 201-210-243-280-301 + 310-301 + 330 + 331-403 + 233-501
UN number	3295
Hazard number	33/30 (depending on the steam pressure)
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Light petrol is a colorless and easily flammable liquid with a mild odor that evaporates quickly. It is a complex combination of highly flammable hydrocarbons , mainly C ₅ –C ₇ ( pentane , hexane , heptane ) from the fractional distillation of petroleum . Butane and octane can also be included. Depending on the definition, this combination boils in the range up to about 90 ° C or 100 ° C. There are also various representations of the lower boiling limit in the literature. Sometimes 25 ° C or 35 ° C is given, which includes the petroleum ether fraction, elsewhere approx. 70 ° C is given as the lower boiling limit. According to DIN 51630, petroleum ethers are special fuels with a boiling point of 25 ° C – 80 ° C.

Light fuels are z. B. petroleum ether (C ₅ , C ₆ , bp 30 ° C-70 ° C), ligroin (C ₆ , C ₇ , bp 60 ° C-100 ° C), special boiling point petrol DIN 51631 Type I 60/95, FAM Regular petrol (technical committee for mineral and fuel standardization ; analytical petrol) DIN 51635 60/95 as well as various other mixtures boiling below 100 ° C.

history

The first refinery, which originated in the 19th century, introduced from petroleum Petroleum ago, which was used as lamp oil. A waste product was a liquid that evaporated at a relatively low temperature, but initially had little use for it. Light petrol has been used for dry cleaning since 1850, which is why light petrol is also known as washing or stain petrol . Under these names it was also sold in small quantities in drugstores, shops and pharmacies. At the end of the 19th century, light petrol was used, among other things, for the production of so-called air gas for lighting purposes in so-called air gas devices.

In the development of petrol , light fuels played an important role, as the surface carburetors used at the beginning of the 20th century were able to form flammable mixtures with the highly volatile light gasoline. The earliest use of petrol in vehicles is the description of light petrol in the patent specification for the Benz patent motor vehicle number 1 from 1886 as "highly volatile oil". This could be the ligroin named there or z. B. be a gasoline available at the time . In 1888, the pharmacist of the Wieslocher Stadt-Apotheke became the “first gas station attendant in the world” when he made Ligroin available to Bertha Benz . The name Ligroin is still used in English, the term gasoline for gasoline is still used in many Spanish, Portuguese-speaking ( gasolina ) and English-speaking countries (next to petrol ) and is often abbreviated to gas . With the introduction of vacuum distillation in 1904, light gasoline was available in increasing quantities and became significantly cheaper; During the First World War , light petrol was used as an aviation fuel.

use

Light petrol is used as a cleaning, degreasing or extraction agent, in the manufacture of adhesives and paints, and as a chemical raw material. Light fuels are also part of the mix in petrol .

See also

• Petroleum ether
• naphtha
• White spirit

literature

• Joachim Kleinmanns: Great, full! A brief cultural history of the gas station. Jonas, Marburg 2002, ISBN 3-89445-297-8 .
• Rainer Karlsch, Raymond G. Stokes: Factor Oil. The mineral oil industry in Germany 1859–1974. CH Beck, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-406-50276-8 .

Individual evidence

1. ^ Jürgen Falbe, Manfred Regitz: RÖMPP Lexikon Chemie. Volume 4: M – Pk , 10th edition, Georg Thieme Verlag, 1998, ISBN 3-13-734910-9 .
2. ^ W. Bleyberg, G. Meyerheim, W. Bachmann, J. Davidsohn, F. Frank, F. Fritz, J. Herzenberg, L. Jablonski, H. Kantorowicz, HP Kaufmann, EL Lederer, P. Levy, I. Lifschütz , H. Lindemann, H. Mallison: Hydrocarbon oils and fats. 7th edition, Springer-Verlag, 1933, ISBN 978-3-642-89045-1 , p. 179.
3. ^ W. Bertelsmann, F. Schuster: Introduction to the technical treatment of gaseous substances. Springer-Verlag, 1930, ISBN 978-3-642-89449-7 , p. 154.
4. ↑ David Holde (ed.): Hydrocarbon oils and fats as well as their chemically and technically related substances. 6th edition, Springer-Verlag, 1924, ISBN 978-3-642-89873-0 , pp. 123, 124.
5. ↑ ^{a b c d} Entry on gasoline, easily in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on March 17, 2013(JavaScript required) .
6. ↑ ^{a b} Patrick Masius: Environmental history and environmental future: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2009, ISBN 978-3-940344-69-4 , p. 118.
7. ↑ ^{a b} Alkane (PDF; 368 kB) accessed on March 23, 2016.
8. ↑ Adalbert Wollrab: Organic Chemistry: An Introduction for Teaching and Minor Students. Springer-Verlag, 2014, ISBN 978-3-642-45144-7 , p. 277.
9. ↑ Leichtbenzin on motorlexikon.de, accessed on March 23, 2016.
10. ^ German association of gas and water specialists : Journal for gas lighting and related types of lighting. Rud. Oldenbourg, 1873, p. 55.