Complement-dependent cytolysis

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The complement cytolysis , also complement cytolysis ( Engl. Complement Dependent Cytolysis called CDC), is a by antibodies induced immunological process which to lysis , that is, the damage to the cell membrane , and thus the death of a cell leads.

description

The membrane attack complex

In complement-dependent cytolysis, antibodies bind to antigens that are presented on the cell surface. In the case of an immunoglobulin M antibody , this must change its conformation by binding to the antigen . In the case of an immunoglobulin G antibody , two antibody units must bind to the cell and be at a maximum distance of 30 to 40 nm. The complement ( complement fixation , CF) characterized triggers the complement cascade, leading to lysis of the cell. For this purpose, cytolysis complexes ( membrane attack complexes ) are formed, which perforate the cell membrane and thus lead to cytolysis .

differentiation

The antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) differs from the CDC in that in the ADCC antibody via their Fc portion cytotoxic effector cells such as NK cells , which themselves have no antigen specificity, to the target cell (e.g., a cancer cell steer).

The importance of the CDC in comparison to ADCC in the clinical application of therapeutic antibodies is still unclear and is the subject of controversy.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ RA Clynes et al .: Inhibitory Fc receptors modulate in vivo cytoxicity against tumor targets. In: Nat Med 6, 2000, pp. 443-446. PMID 10742152
  2. ↑ O. Manches et al .: In vitro mechanisms of action of rituximab on primary non-Hodgkin lymphomas. In: Blood 101, 2003, pp. 949-954. PMID 12393572
  3. ^ WK Weng and R. Levy: Expression of complement inhibitors CD46, CD55, and CD59 on tumor cells does not predict clinical outcome after rituximab treatment in follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma. In: Blood 98, 2001, pp. 1352-1357. PMID 11520782

literature