Kopalnia Węgla Kamiennego Murcki-Staszic

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Historical view of the Boerschächte

The Murcki-Staszic Mine (Polish Kopalnia Węgla Kamiennego Murcki-Staszic ) is a producing hard coal mine in Katowice , Poland. Currently, the mine is a thoroughly modern, efficient and financially productive mining unit that is making a profit. Funding now takes place almost exclusively in the Staszic construction site . It belonged to Katowicki Holding Węglowy SA (KHW) until 2017 , and since then to Polska Grupa Górnicza (PGG). On July 1, 2015, the Boże Dary plant - like other unprofitable mines - was transferred to Spółka Restructureyzacji Kopalń (SRK) and production there was discontinued. The miners who did not take early retirement or who received severance pay were invested in Wujek or Staszic . The liquidation of Boże Dary is expected to be completed on December 31, 2020. According to an agreement between SRW and KHW, the "Zygmunt" shaft and two mining points will continue to be used by Staszic .

history

This mine, located in the southeast of Katowice, has very different roots. While several of the original mines belonged to the princes of Pless and are very old, Staszic is a very young mine, which extracts most of its coal in the so-called reserve field, which was outside the Plessian property.

CHP Murcki

Like many other mines, this mine has a very eventful history, which has been accompanied by numerous name changes.

Emanuelssegen mine (until 1922)

The Emanuelssegen colliery ( Lage ), located in the municipality of the same name in the Pleß domain , is probably the oldest mine in Poland. Its origins are said to date back to 1657. In the Murcki, half a mile from Kostuchny and southeast of the village of Emanuelssegen, the coal seams came to the surface and were therefore very easy to mine. It can therefore be assumed that the degradation in Pingen probably took place earlier. Sources written around 1740 suggest that coal from the Murcki was transported by cart to Ratibor and then on to Wroclaw.

However, there are only reliable findings from the year 1769, because in that year the King of Prussia put the shelf on minerals, i. H. also on coal, loaned to the landowners, in the present case to the Prince of Pless . However, this award was associated with the need to hire specialist staff. This was recruited from Westphalia.

At the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, the mine had a dozen shafts and, from 1808, a tunnel for draining the pit and transporting the coal. Between 1815 and 1845, 18 more shafts and two more tunnels were added, one of which was 42 meters below the surface and was 600 meters long. The colliery also got a siding so that the coal could be easily transported to the important markets in Krakow and Lemberg. During this time the production amounted to about 80,000 tons per year.

The transition to civil engineering took place in 1908, when two shafts named Marie I / II were sunk and shaft Marie II received a steel headframe. The "Maria I / II" facility was completed during the First World War.

Complete overview Boże Dary (created by Monisiolek)

Emanuel

After the division of Upper Silesia in 1922, the entire Principality of Pless fell to Poland and the mine was now called "Emanuel", which it carried until 1934. The following quote shows how strong the Princely House's resistance was to the new sovereignty: “In the same sense, the management of the Pless Mines of Prince von Pless in Katowice struck every Polish trading company from the list of their suppliers if they were not ready to enter the correspondence German language. ”A ruling by the district court of Pless in 1934, according to which tax evasion should have occurred during this time, suggests a less constructive cooperation between the young Polish state and the mine owner.

Książe Maria

At the latest with the compulsory administration of the mine from 1934, the colliery bore the name "Maria". It was retained until 1939 before the original name was reintroduced as part of the occupation of Poland by German troops.

Emanuelssegen (1939-1945)

From 1940 to 1945 the mine was under the management of Fürstlich Plessischen Bergwerks AG. There were several partnerships between this AG and IG Farben during the Second World War, as the history of the Książe mine shows. As in numerous other hard coal mines, mining, which is important for the war effort, could only be maintained with the help of Soviet prisoners of war.

Murcki (from 1945)

With the liberation of Poland from Nazi Germany, the mine was named Murcki . It was able to resume production relatively quickly because a plan by the Nazis to let the mine sink was prevented.

Shortly after the end of the war, there was a first brief merger with the neighboring Boże Dary mine from 1947 to 1948 , before it was finally completed in 1976. At that time the mine had the two production shafts "Maria I / II" as well as the weather and material shafts "Stanisław" and "Jakub".

The new composite mine called Murcki had two departments, Murcki and Boże Dary . Although the formal shutdown of the "Murcki" department then dragged on for a long time, the production was soon stopped and all daytime facilities and production facilities were demolished.

CHP Boże Dary

Boerschächte

The colliery ( location ) was built by the Princes of Pless between 1901 and 1903 near Kostuchny and was initially named Boerschächte in honor of the mining assessor Boer . While in some places it mined the coal in its own areas, there were areas from the beginning in which the mining area of ​​this colliery and that of Emanuelssegen overlapped. Therefore, from 1903 onwards, the mine was cut through with this.

At the turn of the century, the mine had two shafts that were 189 m deep at the time.

Staszic double jack over shaft 2

The development of the residential colony belonging to the colliery was described by its operators as an example of a model colony. The houses were financed by the workers themselves. This form of home ownership was made possible by the administration of the prince and by a reform implemented during the Second Republic in 1923.

In 1937 the mine was renamed Boże Dary.

Boże Dary

After the nationalization of the mines at the end of World War II, the mine belonged to the Mikołów Union for Coal Industry. In 1947 the mine was initially merged with the neighboring Murcki colliery for only one year. In 1970, when the plant was producing 930,730 tons of coal, there were signs of depletion of the deposits on Murcki. Therefore Murcki and Boże Dary were merged again to form a composite mine with an entitlement of 50.59 km². Although today the coal is mined exclusively in the Boże Dary construction site, the name Murcki has been retained as that of the oldest mine in Upper Silesia.

In recent years the workforce has been reduced from 6,500 to 3,000 employees. Nevertheless, by reducing the number of mining points, the use of a hydraulic walking support, long mining fronts and the use of diesel locomotives on the 600 m level, the output could be increased to 10,500 t / d. The two seams 349 and 351, which are between 1.2 m and 3.2 m thick, are being mined.

The mine has two production shafts (shaft I 416 m depth; shaft II 600 m) as well as the two weather shafts Zygmunt and Czułow. The dismantling takes place on the 416 m and 600 m levels. The control center, the main drainage pumping station, the locomotive depot and the electrical and mechanical workshops are located on the main floor at 416 meters.

According to an estimate from 2004, up to a depth of 1000 meters, the mine’s recoverable reserves amounted to 143 million tons.

Reserve field

This is not the name of a mine, but the name of a 22.86 km² hard coal field, in which some smaller mines (Pepita and Jacob mine on the edge of the Gieschewald settlement) extracted coal before the Staszic mine operated large-scale mining there .

CHP Staszic

When the demand for hard coal grew rapidly in 1955, the so-called reserve field was examined for its deposits. This exploration revealed that no new shafts would be sunk on Wieczorek to develop the coal, but a new mine ( location ) would be built. Therefore, in 1957, the Katowice Coal Industry Association (Katowickie Zjednoczenie Przemysłu Węglowego) was commissioned to design and build a modern mine. On February 5, 1958, the Ministry of Mining and Energy approved the mine and assigned it an area of ​​11.98 km². It was named after Stanisław Staszic , a representative of the Polish Enlightenment and promoter of industrial development in Congress Poland .

The colliery was officially inaugurated on July 20, 1964 and later had the following shafts:

  • Shaft I: Concrete tower with ski lift from the 795 m level
  • Shaft II: double jack for material and rope travel; Located on the central area of ​​the mine
  • Shaft III: Extending weather shaft (depth of 500 m) for the southeast field. It has since been thrown off.
  • Shaft IV: It has a depth of 655 m and is located in the mining area of ​​the Wieczorek colliery; In addition to ventilation, it also serves as a material shaft.
  • Shaft V: weather shaft and flushing offset; Depth 751 m
  • Shaft VII: retracting weather shaft; Depth 795 m

The first level of the mine was set at a depth of 500 meters and at the beginning the production was a modest 500 t / d of hard coal. In parallel, however, the same amount of iron ore was also extracted.

Numerous measures such as the use of tank conveyors, the modernization of processing, the unmanned transport of tailings and a fully mechanized step-up structure made it possible to increase the conveying capacity from initially 10,000 t / d by 1982 to 16,000 t / d. These efficiency-increasing measures were offset by extensive security work. In many places the old man had to be filled with tailings and sand in order to reduce the risk of firedamp due to the strong methane outgassing and to minimize damage to the earth's surface. In the 1980s in particular, there were malfunctions because numerous machines had been run for wear and tear and there was a lack of spare parts.

Boże Dary Zygmunt shaft

On July 5, 1978, the worst mining accident in its history occurred on Staszic . A methane gas explosion occurred on the 500 m level in seam 405, killing 4 miners and injuring 13 others.

In June 1979, a new shift system was introduced at the Staszic mine with the aim of further increasing productivity. It consisted of having the miners work three shifts for six consecutive days and then giving them two days off. This made it possible to get by with four teams - three were working and one was resting. However, this shift system was never approved by the workforce and was abolished again in 1980 after a wave of strikes.

In 1984 the 720 m level was driven, in 1992 a 500 m long longwall face was driven for the first time in Poland with a fully mechanized walking support from the British company Joy Mining Machinery Ltd, Worcester. The experience gained was so positive that it was possible to reduce the number of breakdown points and thus increase the efficiency of the entire system.

As part of the political and social upheavals at the beginning of the 1990s, the Staszic mine came under the management of Katowicki Holding Węglowy SA. Since then, efforts have been made to adapt production to the new market conditions. H. to reduce production, to promote it efficiently and to reduce the workforce in a socially acceptable manner.

CHP Murcki-Staszic

The mine was created on January 1, 2010 through the merger of the two previously independent mines Murcki / Boże Dary and Staszic. On June 30, 2015, the Boże Dary plant was shut down.

Funding figures

  • Murcki 1873: 79,986 t; 1913: 432,301 t; 1938: 489,993 t; 1970: 711,198 t; 1979: 2.45 million t
  • Boerschächte / Boże Dary 1913: 709,732 t; 1938: 419,519 t; 1938: 419,519 t; 1970: 930,730 tons
  • Staszic 1975: 3.65 million t; 1980: 4.45 million t; 1984: 4.59 million t; 1988: 4.7 million t; 1994: 3.67 million t;
  • Murcki-Staszic 2013: 2.47 million t; 2014: 3.89 million t

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ see http://srk.com.pl/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/SRK_ODDZIAL_KWK_Boze_Dary.pdf (accessed on March 16, 2016)
  2. ^ Revised mountain regulations for sovereign Silesia and the County of Glatz from June 5, 1769.
  3. ↑ [From: Zygfryd Piątek. Coal mining in Poland in the interwar period 1919 to 1939. p. 31.]
  4. ^ Stanisław Tryba. P. 2.
  5. ↑ Werner Röhr. P. 26.

literature

  • Jerzy Jaros. Słownik historyczny kopalń węgla na ziemiach polskich. Katowice 1984.
  • Yearbook for the Upper Mining District Wroclaw. Phoenix Publishing House. Katowice, Breslau, Berlin. 1913. Digitized version at http://www.dbc.wroc.pl/dlibra/publication?id=3349&tab=3 before (last accessed on May 5, 2015)
  • Zygfryd Piątek. Coal mining in Poland in the interwar period 1918 to 1939 . In: The cut. 52nd volume, issue 1/2000.
  • Werner Röhr. On the role of heavy industry in annexed Polish Upper Silesia for Germany's war economy from 1939 to 1949 . Yearbook for Economic History Volume 130. Downloaded as a PDF file from http://www.digitalis.uni-koeln.de/JWG/jwg_index.html (last accessed on October 5, 2015).
  • Stanislaw Tryba. Z cyklu Historia Kopalń. Kopalnia Węgla Kamiennego Murcki . Published on the website Historia KWK Murcki . Last accessed April 13, 2018.
  • Wolfhard Weber (ed.). History of German mining. Volume 2: Salts, Ores and Coals . Aschendorff publishing house. Münster 2015.
  • ABC Murcki-Staszic - Gazeta Zakładowa Pracowników KWK “Murcki-Staszic”. Editorial Board. Editor-in-chief: Piotr Ubowski. Published on the website http://www.khw.pl/firma/historia_kwk_staszic.html (accessed on November 10, 2015)

Web links

Commons : KWK Murcki  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Commons : KWK Staszic  - collection of images, videos and audio files