Kopalnia Węgla Kamiennego Mysłowice-Wesoła
The coal mine Mysłowice-Wesoła (Polish: Kopalnia Węgla Kamiennego Mysłowice-Wesoła) is a mining coal mine in Mysłowice , Poland.
history
The Mysłowice-Wesoła composite mine does not have a uniform history, neither in terms of its geographical location nor its ownership. While lying in the north of the mine to rule Myslowitz-Katowice belonged and over many decades in the possession of the family Tiele-Winckler dominated Katowice AG for mining and metallurgical industry was that south to predecessor Mine were Wesoła and his Berechtsame to Pless Principality . For the various roots, see the overview opposite.
Prehistory Mysłowice
The beginnings of mining in the Mysłowice Region date back to the eighteenth century, but the history of the mine with this name began on May 8, 1837, when the Royal Mining Authority made the decision to authorize the construction of the "Gdansk" mine. This colliery formed the core of the later Mysłowice facility. The first owners of the mine were Alexander Mieroszewski, Mayor of Mysłowice, Frederick Gawron, Löbl Danziger, representatives of Jewish financiers, Antoni Kołodziejski from Szopienice and Franz Winckler.
In addition, the mines Gute Amalie , Sonnenstrahl , Feldmarschall and Agathe were acquired over the next few years .
Good Amalie
This mine in Janow was founded in 1831 and started operations in 1834. It belonged to the same owners as the Mysłowice mine and was merged with Gdansk and New Gdansk with them in 1866. The Charlotte low and upper seam had previously been mined via the Rudolf shaft.
Sunbeam
The mine in Mysłowice was founded in late autumn 1827 and one half belonged to Alexander Mieroszewski and the other half to Anthony Kolodziejski from Szopienice and Löbl Danziger from Mysłowice. After the Charlotte and Jakob seams had been mined over the "Conrad" shaft for about 40 years, the merger with the Mysłowice mine took place in 1866 .
Agathe
The Agathe mine field in Mysłowice was awarded to Alexander Mieroszewski and Antoni Kołodziejski together with several other fields in May 1831 and formed part of the field marshal mine (see below) with the Franziska mine until 1898 . As with this, the Tiele-Winckler family also gained a dominant influence here. In 1898 the fields "Sigmund", "Eduard Hütten" and "Agathe" became the mine consol together with parts of Field Marshal . Agathe Bergwerk Ostfeld formed and later added to the Gieschegrube reserve ; the western field fell to Mysłowice . Much later, the Staszic mine mined coal in this area.
Field Marshal
In June 1831, this mine in Mysłowice was founded by Alexander Mieroszewski and Anthony Kołodziejski, who were already working elsewhere, and came under the influence of the Tiele-Winckler family from 1839. It was very broad and stretched from Janow in the west to the Russian border in the east. The fields "Eduard Hütten", "Siegmund", "Agathe" and "Waldemar" also belonged to this mine. The seam map from 1913 only shows mining of the Sigismund and Agatha seams by the August and Franziska shafts at this point in time. After the separation from the consolidated Agathe Ostfeld coal mine, the rest of "Field Marshal" was operated by the Mysłowice mine .
Mysłowice mine
In 1866 the "Danzig" mine field was closed and the mine with the "New Danzig" mine field was renamed Mysłowice . In addition to the already mentioned mines Gute Amalie , Sonnenstrahl and Feldmarschall (Amalie), the fields "Feldseegen" and "Pogerell" could be acquired.
Already before, d. H. in 1856, the ownership had changed fundamentally. Of the total of 126 kuxes in the colliery, 97 belonged to the Tiele-Winkler and Friederich Eduard von Löbbecke family from Breslau, whose family had invested their money in railways, steelworks and mines. On the initiative of the Tiele-Winckler family, between 1889 and 1890 the mine was incorporated into the Kattowitzer AG for mining and ironworks .
In 1912 the main shaft system ( layer ) had three shafts, namely A (342 m; "Gustav"; later "Jagiełło"), B (358 m; "Kate"; later "Lokietek") and C (259 m; "Louise"; later "Sas"). The sinking of shafts A and B between 1872 and 1883 was very difficult due to the considerable water inflow and was still 7.7 m³ per minute even after their completion. In 1912 the Moritz seam as well as the upper and lower seam of the saddle group with a total thickness of 21.5 of the 135 m, 243 m and 342 m levels were dismantled. In addition to the three delivery shafts, the mine also had three weather shafts "Franz", "Anna" and "Ewald", two of which were also used to introduce flushing, and the "Otto" weather shaft in the Janow area, which also had a cable car .
In 1936, when the ownership structure of the colliery was under discussion, it was - like all other mines from the Kattowitzer AG - incorporated into the IG Kattowitz, 97% of which was backed by the Polish state.
The most important technical achievements that found their way into this colliery in the 19th century include:
- The use of the first steam engine with an output of 6 hp for lifting mine water in 1840.
- 1887 Introduction of the Koepe transport, the traction sheave of which was driven by a steam engine.
- 1901 first use of the flushing backfill on an industrial scale in hard coal mining and use of a 2.5 km long conveyor belt to transport coal on the 500 m level.
When German border guards opened fire on the miners waiting for their wages and their families on August 16, 1919, killing 7 people and injuring dozen, this event contributed to the outbreak of the 1st Silesian Uprising .
During the Second World War , the mine was operated and exploited by the Reichswerke Hermann Göring , from 1942 at the latest with the help of Soviet prisoners of war (approx. 1,600) and civil slave labor (initially 50 Italians; 250 French; later mainly Poles). The fact that people were forced to work in the mine continued after the end of World War II until 1959.
On February 4, 1987, a methane fire caused a serious accident in which 19 miners died and 26 were injured.
In 1993 the mine was transferred to Katowicki Holding Węglowy (KHW) together with 10 others and in 2007 it was combined with the Wesoła colliery to form the Mysłowice-Wesoła composite mine .
History of Wesoła
Fürstengrube / Książę
As early as 1785, hard coal was mined near Wesolla and the extraction of 10 tons of coal per day was consumed in a nearby glass factory. But it was not until 1911 on behalf of Prince Hans Heinrich XV. Fürst von Pless , a coal mine was built in what is now Wesoła, which was initially called the Fürstengrube , but was renamed Książę (Prince) as early as 1922 as part of the division of Upper Silesia . The Fürstengrube had no clearly demarcated mining area in the Pleßschen rule area, but was only limited to the north by the reserve fields of the rule Myslowitz-Katowice. To the west was the Emanuelssegen mine and the Heinrichsfreude mine to the south . In 1912 an independent conveyor system with a "Hans Heinrich" conveyor shaft and a weather shaft was tackled. From the beginning, a close cooperation with the Emanuelssegen and Boerschächte mines , which also belonged to the Pleß estate, was planned. It shows, for example, that the system was initially supplied with electricity from the Boerschächten and that a composite mine was formed between 1925 and 1929 with Emanuelssegen / Murcki . There was also a rail link between all three systems. In 1931 the Fürstengrube was temporarily shut down as a result of the global economic crisis and the mine, which was not in operation, was named Harcerska (Pathfinder) in 1937 , before it was reopened in 1940 after the German occupation of East Upper Silesia and managed by the Fürstengrube GmbH from January 1941. 51% of the mine belonged to the IG Farben and 49% of Fürstlich Pleßischen Mining Company During this time, it was one of the largest satellite camp of Auschwitz (see KZ Fürstengrube ).
In 1942 the new Wesoła mine with the three shafts "Piotr", "Bronisław" and "Karol" was completely rebuilt in the immediate vicinity of the now "Jan-Hendryk" shaft . The old headframe was put down and today the site is only used for land sales.
CHP Wesoła
The new mine ( Lage ) built next to the Fürstengrube belonged to the Jaworznicko-Mikołów Union for the Coal Industry from 1947 and, until it was renamed Wesoła in 1990 , carried various old and new names, including a. also that of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin .
To expand the existing mine, the Wesoła II ( Lage ) works were built a few kilometers north of the old facility between 1949 and 1952, initially as an independent mine, but merged with Wesoła I just two years later.
In the 1960s, the mine reached a high level of mechanization, which made it possible to mine and process 9,000 tons per day. The excavation took place on the 320 m and 465 m level. This development was further accelerated so that the third level, which was driven in from 1963, was the first in Poland to work unmanned. In this context, the Karol shaft was also sunk deeper. From 1971 onwards, coal mining was carried out at all 15 mining points using the walking method and modern tunneling machines were used to extend the route. All of these measures meant that the mining capacity could be doubled to 18,000 t per day compared to 1960. Today, high-performance face shearers with 3,300 V voltage and type AM-85 and AM-75 tunneling machines are used.
The mine has belonged to KHW SA ( Katowicki Holding Węglowy SA) since 1993 and in 2007 employed approx. 3,800 people. This year, the association with the Mysłowice mine in Mysłowic-Wesoła took place .
KWK Lenin
From 1947 to 1990 the Wesoła Mine was named Lenin.
Funding figures
Mysłowice 1900: 692,940 t; 1913: 1.06 million t; 1938: 1.08 million t; 1970: 1.91 million t; 1979: 2.66 million t
Fürstengrube / Wesoła 1929: 309,532 t; 1970: 4.22 million t; 1979: 4.73 million t
Mysłowice-Wesoła 2015: 2.61 million t
present
On January 1, 2008, the central shaft system in Mysłowice was shut down, so that only the two weather shafts "Wschodni I / II" and the "Łokietek" shaft are still in operation for the cable car in this construction site. This shaft was placed under monument protection together with some daytime facilities.
In 2014, the composite mine had the "Karol", "Piotr" and "Bronisław" production shafts, the "Wacław", "Wentylacyjny II", "Południowy", "Zachodni" and "Wschodni I and II" ventilation shafts. "Łokietek" is still used for the cable car ride. Today (as of 2014) the mine has 5551 employees and produces 14,286 t of hard coal every day.
swell
- Jerzy Jaros: S łownik historyczny kopalń węgla na ziemiach polskich . Katowice 1984.
- Yearbook for the Upper Mining District Wroclaw . Phoenix Publishing House. Katowice, Breslau, Berlin. 1913. Digitized version at http://www.dbc.wroc.pl/dlibra/publication?id=3349&tab=3 before (last accessed on May 5, 2015)
- Zygfryd Piątek: T he coal mining in Poland in the interwar period 1918 to 1939 . In: The cut. 52nd volume, issue 1/2000.
- Werner Röhr: On the role of heavy industry in annexed Polish Upper Silesia for Germany's war economy from 1939 to 1949 . Yearbook for Economic History Volume 130. Downloaded as a PDF file from http://www.digitalis.uni-koeln.de/JWG/jwg_index.html (last accessed on October 5, 2015)
- Stanisław Tryba: Kopalnia Mysłowice - historia i teraźniejszość . Published in KWK Mysłowice - historia i teraźniejszość.pdf on the website http://www.khw.pl/firma/historia_kwk_myslowice.html, accessed on May 31, 2015.
Web links
- The current owner of the mine, Katowicki Holding Węglowy SA, presents the composite mine comprehensively on the website http://www.khw.pl/firma/kwk_myslowice_wesola.html .
- At the Internet address http://igrek.amzp.pl/mapindex.php?cat=FLOTZKARTOS (last accessed July 14, 2015) you can find 43 flötz maps (sic) of the Upper Silesian coal basin as JPG files showing the field boundaries, seams and shafts show the stock from 1902 in excellent quality. These cards were made by the “Verlag von Priebatsch's Buchhandlung. Breslau ”published. These maps could only be used for this article in relation to the Mysłowice mine.
Map with all coordinates: