Kopalnia Węgla Kamiennego Wieczorek
The Wieczorek mine (Kopalnia Węgla Kamiennego Wieczorek) is a coal mine in the decommissioning phase in Katowice- Nikiszowiec, Poland.
history
prehistory
The beginning of coal mining in the villages of Janów, Roździeń and Szopienice was made by blacksmiths who extracted them for their own use. The owners of the parish Mysłowicach, to which these three villages belonged, was the Mieroszewski family from Kraków in 1678 and Maria Winckler from 1839, then their daughter Waleska from Tiele-Winckler . In contrast to the areas to the west ( Kopalnia Węgla Kamiennego Katowice ) and south-east ( Mysłowice ), it was not the Kattowitzer AG for mining and metallurgy of the Tiele-Winckler family that played the decisive role here in the "middle", but the Georg von Giesches Erben company .
Three predecessor mines, which were later integrated into the Gieschegrube / Wieczorek, were Bergthal, Morgenroth and Edwin.
Bergthal
Due to the Prussian mining law, which came into force in 1769, the mining authorities had to issue a mining permit that was linked to the hiring of trained personnel. That is why the region's blacksmiths applied for the construction of the Mieroszewski colliery as early as 1781. However, in 1788 a mining permit was only issued for the Bergthal colliery in Mysłowice. This mine only worked in 1792 and from 1801 to 1823. High maintenance costs and lack of buyers forced the operators to close the mine.
Dawn
The further development of hard coal mining was dependent on the demand for coal from the zinc smelters in Katowice and Mysłowice and the development of new markets through the connection to the railway network. Mining was given a new boost by the discovery of a three-meter-thick seam called Morgenroth (Jutrzenka) on the border between Roździeń and Szopienice with Janów. Therefore, on January 6, 1826, a 100 hectare coal field was awarded, which was located on the road between Katowice and Mysłowice. Here, too, Muter was Felix Mieroszewski. The extraction of energy-rich coal from a new Morgenroth colliery did not begin until 1835, after the Wilhelmina zinc smelter was built on the surface in 1834. This hut was built by the Georg von Giesches Erben company ; between 1833 and 1835 she also took over the mine from its owners Alexander Mieroszewski and Daniel Henry Dalibor. Coal was mined in the Morgenroth field until 1964.
Edwin
In the 1830s, John Gottlob Lamprecht bought the small Edwin mine in Szopienice. In 1879 the mine came to Georg von Giesche's heirs.
Gieschegrube
The three mines mentioned in the prehistory were consolidated on December 2, 1869 together with the fields Guter Albert (awarded in 1852 and 1865), Teichmannshoffnung (1852) in Szopienice and Wildensteinssegen and Elfriede in Roździeń to form the Gieschegrube. In the following years from 1877 to 1881, most of the coal fields and mines in Roździeń, Szopienice and Janów came into the hands of Georg von Giesche's heirs, whereby a mine with an area of 8.42 km² was created by 1883 . This concentration process was largely the work of Georg Scherbening, a graduate of the Royal Mining Academy in Berlin.
After coal could initially be extracted near the surface at depths between 8 m and 32 m, civil engineering began in 1848. From 1874 to 1883 the mine had four shafts, Richthofen, Kaiser Wilhelm (later Ligon), Morgenroth and Hulda (later Wilson), from which the 450 m level was driven from 1890.
Between 1903 and 1904 the new shafts Carmer (Pułaski) and Nickisch (Poniatowski) were sunk, both of which are still open today. After the George shaft was added in 1908, the mine had a total of 17 shafts by 1914. In that year the Georg power plant was built and in the following years the rights to rights increased to 26.95 km².
During the entire 19th century, despite increasing depths, the piers were removed and it was not until 1907 that the process of backfilling with sand was used. Between 1908 and 1910 the previously wooden trolleys were iron underground Hunte replaced and introduced electric locomotives. Nevertheless, it was not until 1926 that the last pit horse was retired.
As in many other places, the separation of Upper Silesia into a Polish and a German part brought considerable changes in the ownership of the mine. First, the company Georg von Giesche Erben was converted into Giesche AG, before the shares were successively sold to the American Silesian American Corporation (SACO ) , a holding company , based in Wilmington (Delaware) from 1926 onwards . In 1930 the sale was fully completed. During the Second World War , the mine was again under German administration and attempts were made to buy back the shares from the Americans. The US government refused, and some Swiss banks acquired the majority of shares in Giesche from SACO.
The colliery suffered only minor damage at the end of the war and was able to resume work immediately after the withdrawal of the German troops. As early as February 1945, the first 900 tons of coal could be brought back to the surface.
CHP Janów
From 1945 to 1951 the Gieschegrube was called Janów, the part of Katowice in which the mine originated.
CHP Wieczorek
In 1951 the mine was named after the labor movement activist Józef Wieczorek , who died in Auschwitz.
South of the old Gieschegrube was the huge reserve field with an area of 22.86 km², which had been largely unscored by 1956, but whose deposits had not yet been examined in detail. It was handed over to the newly built Staszic mine together with part of the Gieschegrube / Wieczorek mine , and further parts to the Jan experimental mine in 1966 (see below). As part of a general south migration, numerous shafts in the northern part of the field were filled in and processing plants demolished. Some colliery buildings and the washrooms at Schacht Wilson (named in honor of US President Thomas Woodrow Wilson ), in which Monica and Johannes Bros. Spatel opened an art gallery in 1998, escaped this fate .
Jan
On January 1, 1969, the main institute for mining set up the Jan pilot plant in the Wieczorek mine in order to carry out tests and experiments with modern working methods and extensive automation as well as new methods of organization and management. The plant existed for 10 years before it was closed again in Wieczorek in 1976. Production in 1975 was 508,775 t.
present
In 2010 the mine employed 2,359 people, produced 6,865 tons of coal every day and thus achieved an annual output of 1.73 million tons. It has four shafts, Pułaski (cableway, rack and skip conveyance), Roździeńsk (double conveyance with 2 skips and coal transport over a six-part conveyor bridge for processing to Pułaski), Giszowiec (material transport and weather shaft) and Południowy (extending weather shaft). However, because the coal reserves are exhausted in large parts of the field, the mine was handed over to Spółka Restructureyzacji Kopalń SA for closure on March 31, 2018 . The remaining coal reserves will be opened up by the Staszic mine and lifted to the surface .
Funding figures
Production in 1913: 2.57 million t; 1938: 1.99 million t; 1970: 2.48 million t; 1979: 3.82 million t; 2014: 1.63 million t
Colliery settlements
Two colliery settlements built by the Georg von Giesche Erben concern should be mentioned here. In 1907 the garden city colony Giszowiec / Gieschewald was built by the architects Georg and Emil Zillmann from Berlin-Charlottenburg in creative adaptation to the local block construction - bricked, but with traditional shingle roofs. In the years 1908–1915 and 1920–1924, the Nikiszowiec / Nickischschacht settlement followed by the same architects.
swell
- Jerzy Jaros. Słownik historyczny kopalń węgla na ziemiach polskich. Katowice 1984.
- Yearbook for the Upper Mining District Wroclaw . Phoenix Publishing House. Katowice, Breslau, Berlin. 1913. Digitized version at http://www.dbc.wroc.pl/dlibra/publication?id=3349&tab=3 before (last accessed on May 5, 2015)
- Stanisław Tryba, Wiesław Sosin. Z cyklu Historia Kopalń. Kopalnia Węgla Kamiennego "Wieczorek" . Downloaded as a PDF document on October 1, 2015 from the website http://www.khw.pl/firma/historia_wieczorek.html .
Web links
- The current owner of the mine, Katowicki Holding Węglowy SA, presents the composite mine comprehensively on the website http://www.khw.pl/firma/kwk_wieczorek.html .
- At the Internet address http://igrek.amzp.pl/mapindex.php?cat=FLOTZKARTOS (last accessed July 14, 2015) you can find 43 flötz maps (sic) of the Upper Silesian coal basin as JPG files showing the field boundaries, seams and shafts show the stock from 1902 in excellent quality. These cards were made by the “Verlag von Priebatsch's Buchhandlung. Breslau ”published.
Individual evidence
- ↑ see http://www.dziennikzachodni.pl/wiadomosci/slask/a/kopalnia-wieczorek-jest-juz-w-spolce-reststrukturyzacji-kopaln-to-drugi-i-ostatni-etap-likwidacji-liczacego-blisko- 200-lat-zakladu, 13065116 / (accessed April 14, 2018)
- ↑ Beate Störtkuhl: Hans Poelzig in Silesia: Heimatstil as a rhetorical figure. In: Anita Aigner (Hrsg.): Vernacular Modernism: Crossing Borders in Architecture around 1900. The Farmhouse and its Appropriation. Bielefeld 2014, p. 196.
Coordinates: 50 ° 14 ′ 35.6 ″ N , 19 ° 4 ′ 41.5 ″ E