Kopalnia Węgla Kamiennego Siemianowice
The hard coal mine Siemianowice (Polish Kopalnia Węgla Kamiennego Siemianowice ; German Lauragrube and Richter shafts ) is a decommissioned hard coal mine in Siemianowice Śląskie , Poland.
History until 1922
Predecessor mines
The nucleus of what was at times the fifth largest mine in Upper Silesia was the "Glück" mine in the Pszczelnik forest north of Siemianowice, which was built by Lazarus III in 1787 . Henckel von Donnersmarck had been muted. Initially, the mine produced approx. 2,000 tons of coal per year directly on the surface with just four employees; At the beginning of the 19th century, tunnel mining was used. In 1823 the neighboring mine "Eugenia" was brought into being and in 1830 it was combined with "Glück" to "Eugeniensglück". In 1840, when civil engineering had already started, it employed 105 people and mined 22,556 tons of hard coal annually. At the same time, the “Carl Hope” mine had existed since 1824. Both mines found good customers for their coal at the Laurahütte, which went into operation in 1836, as well as smaller zinc smelters in the immediate vicinity
Consolidations
On July 27, 1855, the previously independent mines "Eugeniensglück" and "Carlshoffnung" in Siemianowice were consolidated together with the fields "Leocadia" and "Guter Arthur" to form the mine "Vereinigte Siemianowitzer Kohlengruben". The owner was Karl Hugo Henckel von Donnersmarck . Ten years later (September 25, 1865) the mine fields "Wandakomm", "Anna Jung", "Lazi", "Reicher Seegen Gottes", "Noch für Laura", "Aemilius" and "Baingow" were added, all between 1857 and were awarded in 1862. The total authorized area was 18.32 km².
Initially, this mine suffered very badly from pit fire problems caused by the connection of the seams near the surface with the surface. Only through the transition to civil engineering could this problem be permanently resolved. The Knoff shaft was sunk in the years 1862–1868 and the Ficinus and Aschenborn shafts were added in 1870–72 . At the same time, the first sorting plant was built in 1871.
The seams Fanny / Einsiedel (6.00 m thickness), Glück / Schuckmann (1.90 m), Caroline / Heitnitz-Reden-Pochhammer (6.00 m) of the saddle seam group and the seams IV (1.60 m) were extracted ) and V (1.50 m) of the satisfaction group. Coal mining in the other fields to the west of Siemianowice did not initially take place.
In 1871 the 4.49 km² Lauragrube mine , also known as the Laurahütte or Laurahüttengrube , was separated from the very large mine field, which was cut very crooked and almost cut through by the Chassée-Fanny mine from southwest to northeast and became the property of the " United Königs- and Laurahütte Aktiengesellschaft für Bergbau und Hüttenbetrieb “ , which was then part of the Donnersmarck industrial estate. In 1881 the other fields of the United Siemianowitz coal mines came to Königslaura. Its director, Karl Richter , was northwest of the Ficiniusschachtes build a new plant and thus also previously unworked field parts under Verhieb take. Their shafts were named Richter I to III .
In the 1880s, steam locomotives were used for underground transportation, and from 1886 blast furnace slag was used to backfill the cavities. At the beginning of the 20th century, flushing offset was used for mining under residential areas.
Although the Lauragrube and the Richterschächte belonged to the same owner again since 1881, they were still operated and managed independently. Therefore, in 1912, the situation was as follows:
Judges' shafts
This field developed by the Richter I to III shafts (I 273 m; II 217 m; III 220 m) had a size of 9.35 km² and comprised the northwestern area of the Siemianowitz coal mines. In the summer of 1879, the construction of the new mine in the "Guter Arthur" field, that is in the area of the Lauragrube, began. The conveyance took place from the 150 m and 206 m level. Mining in the north-west and north-east was carried out using crosscuts from the Richter shafts. Other shafts were the parking shaft with 206 m (retracting weather shaft; filling shaft), Bittkow with 206 m (retracting; backfilling) and pond with 188 m (extending weather shaft). In 1912, the Richter shafts unearthed 1.09 million tons of hard coal.
Laura pit
The Lauragrube field was made accessible by two shafts, the Ficinius and Knoff shafts .
Ficinius shafts
This main shaft of the Lauragrube, located in the middle and west of Chassée-Fanny, comprised the Ficinius (140 m depth) and Ascheborn (309 m, also S) shafts in the “Chassée” field. In addition, this area had the shafts Hütte (108 m), Wanda (71 m), Bienhof (96 m to Carolineflöz), Saara (130 m; incoming weather shaft), Ernst (92 m; extending weather shaft) and Theresa (248 m; taking off). In 1912 the annual output here was 639,129 tons.
Knoffschächte
The two production shafts Knoff I (228 m depth) and II (182 m) in the fields “Leocadia” and “Carlshoffnung” were located in the eastern part of the Lauragrube . Only Knoff II had a direct rail connection. Funding was provided from the 1st level (92 m), the 2nd level (182 m) and the 3rd level (222 m). There was also the field shaft (43 m; retracting weather shaft), the Milowitz I (72 m; extending) and II (78 m; retracting) and the Hope shaft (144 m; extending). In contrast to the Ficinius plant, this plant had no laundry and in 1912 it produced 226,316 t of coal.
With a total output of 2,030,716 t, the entire mine was the fifth largest mine in Upper Silesia after König , Queen Luise , Paulus-Hohenzollern and Giesche .
History from 1922
The 1920s and 1930s brought numerous changes. After the division of Upper Silesia from 1925/26, the Lauragrube and the Richter shafts were continued by Górnośląskie Zjednoczone Huty Królewska i Laura SA as a joint stock company under Polish law and merged again in 1928. As a result of the global economic crisis , the total production sank to 1.64 million t and in 1933 it was decided to shut down the Lauragrube and let it sink. In 1936 the mines were named Siemianowice . One year later, in 1937, the IG Kattowitz mine - a merger of the Kattowitzer AG for mining and ironworks and the United Königs- and Laurahütte - was added, in which Friedrich Flick held a large block of shares.
During the occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany, the mines, which were again working separately, were exploited by the Reichswerke Hermann Göring and in the war year 1943, with 4,673 people, unearthed a total of 1.83 million tons of hard coal.
After the Second World War, the mine was initially part of the Chorzów Coal Industry Association and on August 1, 1975 it merged with the neighboring Michał mine . Under this new name, the mine still had the following shafts in the Siemianowice mining area:
- Siemianowice I and II and Stodkowy (former "Richter" facility) ( location )
- Staszic I / II (former Ascheborn and Ficinius complex) ( location )
- Śmiłowskiego (formerly Knoff II) ( location )
- Bańgów weather shaft ( location )
After the Michał mine was shut down in the 1990s, only the scaffolding above Siemianowice II and the Bańgów weather shaft have survived .
Funding figures
- 1873: 388,000 t
- 1913: 2.03 million tons
- 1938: 1.49 million tons
- 1970: 2.99 million t
- 1979: 4.89 million t
swell
- Jerzy Jaros: Słownik historyczny kopalń węgla na ziemiach polskich . Śląski Instytut Naukowy, Katowice 1984, ISBN 83-00-00648-6 .
- Yearbook for the Upper Mining District Wroclaw . Phönix-Verlag, Kattowitz / Breslau / Berlin 1913, digitized version at http://www.dbc.wroc.pl/dlibra/publication?id=3349&tab=3 (last accessed on May 5, 2015).
- Kurt König: The coal mining in Upper Silesia from 1945–1955. Scientific contributions to the history and regional studies of Eastern Central Europe . Published by the Johann Gottfried Herder Institute. Marburg 1958.
- Damian Recław: Przemysł górnego Śląska na dawnej fotografii . Muzeum w Gliwicach 2015.
Individual evidence
- ^ Reclaw. Przemysł górnego Śląska. P. 194 f.
- ↑ Yearbook of the Oberamtsbezirks. P. 378
- ↑ Yearbook of the Upper Office District. P. 378
- ↑ Yearbook of the Upper Office District. P. 377 ff.
- ^ Reclaw. P. 196
Map with all coordinates: Web links
- 43 seam maps (sic) of the Upper Silesian coal basin as JPG files, the field boundaries, seams and shafts according to the inventory from 1902, published by the "Verlag von Priebatsch's Buchhandlung, Breslau" (accessed on July 14, 2015)