Basket shells

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Basket shells
Basket clam (Varicorbula gibba) (from GB Soberby, 1859: Plate 1, Fig. 22 [1])

Basket clam ( Varicorbula gibba ) (from GB Soberby, 1859: Plate 1, Fig. 22)

Systematics
Subclass : Heterodonta
Euheterodonta
Superordinate : Imparidentia
Order : Myida
Superfamily : Myoidea
Family : Basket shells
Scientific name
Corbulidae
Lamarck , 1818

The basket shells (Corbulidae) are a shell - Family from the order of Myida . The oldest representatives of the families appeared in the Jura.

features

The small to medium-sized cases are mostly more or less clearly unevenly hinged. The right flap is larger and usually more arched than the left flap. They are also more or less pronounced unequal, usually the rear end is elongated and z. Some even moved out to a rostrum. There are also twisted housings. They are usually oval to rounded-triangular in outline, more rarely also elliptical. The ligament sits internally on a protrusion (chondrophor) of the right valve; in the left flap there is usually only a pit or a small protrusion. The lock plate usually strong with a central main tooth in the right flap. However, some species have reduced teeth. There are two sphincters of roughly the same size. The surface line is not or only slightly indented. The laterally narrowed foot has a byssus gland . The siphons are short.

The aragonitic shell is usually thick with an outer layer of cross lamellas and inner layers of complex cross lamellas, rarely also very thin ( Apachecorbula ). The ornamentation consists of more or less strong growth strips and ribs parallel to the edge. Radial elements are seldom and always subordinate. The periostracum , especially of the left valve, is often very thick and not mineralized at the edges.

Geographical distribution and way of life

The main focus of the distribution is in the tropical and subtropical seas. Some species also live in rivers.

The species of basket mussels live shallowly buried and attached with a few byssus threads in muddy ground.

Taxonomy

The taxon was proposed in 1818 by Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck as "Les Corbulées". The name was still ascribed to Lamarck even after the Latinization, and so Lamarck is accepted as the author of the taxon. In the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology , the family is subdivided into a number of subfamilies, which, however, are not recognized by all authors: Caryocorbulinae Vokes, 1945, Corbulinae Lamarck, 1818, Corbulamellinae Vokes, 1945, Lentidiinae Vokes, 1945, Potamocorbulinae Habe, 1977, Caestocorbulinae Vokes, 1945 and Pachydontinae Vokes, 1945. Occasionally the Erodontinae Winckworth, 1932 are also included. Bouchet & Rocroi (2010) only recognize five subfamilies: Corbulinae Lamarck, 1818, Corbulamellinae Vokes, 1945, Lentidiinae Vokes, 1945, Caestocorbulinae Vokes, 1945 and Pachydontinae Vokes, 1945, Caryocorbulinae Vokes, 1945, and Potamocorbulinae Habe are synonyms of, Corbulinae counted.

The genus Physoida Pallary, 1900 is placed in the MolluscaBase to the family Basterotiidae .

According to the molecular biological analysis of the Corbulidae by Hallan et al. (2013) the basket mussels are monophyletic. Three clades crystallized out: the LEC group (limnetic-euryhaline Corbulidae), the Caribbean group (Caribbean) and a western Pacific group (Western pacific).

supporting documents

literature

  • Rudolf Kilias: Lexicon marine mussels and snails. 2nd edition, 340 p., Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1997 ISBN 3-8001-7332-8 (p. 86/87)
  • Fritz Nordsieck : The European sea shells (Bivalvia). From the Arctic Ocean to Cape Verde, the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. 256 p., Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart 1969 (p. 153)
  • Guido Poppe. Yoshihiro Goto: European Seashells Volume 2 (Scaphopoda, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda) . 221 p., Verlag Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden 1993 (2000 unc. Reprint), ISBN 3925919104 (p. 132)
  • Norman D. Newell: Family Corbulidae Lamarck, 1818. In: Raymond Cecil Moore (Ed.): Treatise on invertebrate paleontology. Mollusca, 6, Bivalvia 2. S.N692-N698, New York, 1969.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ George Brettingham Sowerby II : Illustrated index of British shells. containing figures of all the recent species, with names and other information. XV S., XXIV plate, London, Simpkin, Marshall & Co., 1859 Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (plate 1)
  2. ↑ Fritz Gosselck, Alexander Darr, Jürgen HJ Jungbluth, Michael Zettler: Trivial names for mollusks of the sea and brackish water in Germany. Mollusca, 27 (1): 3-32, 2009 PDF
  3. ↑ Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck: Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres, présentant les caractères généraux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leurs classes, leurs familles, leurs genres, et la citation des principales espèces qui s 'y rapportent; précédée d'une introduction offrant la détermination des caractères essentiels de l'animal, sa distinction du végétal et des autres corps naturels, enfin, l'exposition des principes fondamentaux de la zoologie. Tome cinquième. Pp. 1-612. Paris, Deterville, Verdiere, 1818. Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 466)
  4. ↑ MolluscaBase: Corbulidae Lamarck, 1818
  5. ↑ Harold Ernest Vokes: Supraspecific groups of the pelecypod family Corbulidae. American Museum of Natural History, Bulletin, 86 (1): 1-32, 1945 PDF (American Museum of Natural History Research Library Digital Repository).
  6. ^ Philippe Bouchet & Jean-Pierre Rocroi Rüdiger Bieler Joseph G. Carter Eugene V. Coan: Nomenclator of Bivalve Families with a Classification of Bivalve Families. Malacologia, 52 (2): 1-184, 2010 doi : 10.4002 / 040.052.0201
  7. ↑ Andre Nemesio, Audrey Aronowsky, Laurie C. Anderson: Exallocorbula (Bivalvia: Corbulidae), a New Name for the Amazonian molluscan fossil Pebasia Nuttall. The Veliger, 48 (3): 228-229, 2006 Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org
  8. ↑ Ulysses S. Grant, Hoyt Rodney Gale: Catalog of the marine Pliocene and Pleistocene Mollusca of California and adjacent regions: with notes on their morphology, classification, and nomenclature and a special treatment of the Pectinidae and the Turridae (including a few Miocene and Recent species) together with a summary of the stratigraphic relations of the formations involved. 1036 p., Memoirs of the San Diego Society of Natural History, San Diego 1931 Online at Hathitrust (p. 420, footnote 1)
  9. ↑ MolluscaBase: Physoida Pallary, 1900
  10. ↑ Anders Hallan, Donald J. Colgan, Laurie C. Anderson, Adriana García, Allan R. Chivas: A single origin for the limnetic-euryhaline taxa in the Corbulidae (Bivalvia). Zoologica Scripta, 42: 278-287, 2013 doi : 10.1111 / zsc.12010 .