Krüss (company)

Krüss GmbH
legal form	GmbH
founding	1796
Seat	Hamburg
management	Cornelius Weser, Florian Weser
Branch	scientific laboratory equipment
Website	www.kruss-scientific.com

The Kruss GmbH is a German developer and manufacturer of scientific measuring instruments for Interfacial Engineering and foam analysis. Krüss is the global market leader for tensiometers and instruments for measuring the contact angle . The family business, which has been owner-managed for eight generations and based in Hamburg, goes back to an optical workshop founded in 1796. In the more than 200-year history of the company, numerous inventions have been made in the field of measurement technology and optics. These include a globally popular "miracle camera" based on the magic lantern , the first processor-controlled tensiometer and the first instrument for mobile, fully automatic measurement of thesurface free energy of solids. In addition to its headquarters in Hamburg, Krüss GmbH has branches and representations in 27 countries and operates its own laboratories and a training center for interface chemistry.

Company history

In 1796 the mechanic and optician Edmund Gabory founded an optical workshop in Hamburg. His colleague and son-in-law Andres Krüss opened his own company A. Krüss Optisches Institut with nautical instruments and nautical charts in 1844 . In 1859 his son Edmund Johann Krüss expanded the company to include photographic lenses, microscopes and projection devices. In 1865, Krüss had the worldwide very successful "magic camera" modeled on the Laterna Magica patented.
In 1886 the two previously separate companies, Krüss and Gabory, merged. From 1888 to 1920 the company was run by Prof. Dr. Hugo Krüss, who u. a. propelled the development of photometry theoretically and practically. Together with his brother, the chemist Gerhard Krüss , he wrote an important standard work on this subject. As chairman of the Hamburg Society for Precision Mechanics and Optics, he was an important sponsor for this branch of industry. A street in the Hamburg district of Barmbek is named after Hugo Krüss.
His son Dr. Paul Krüss, successor in the management from 1920, developed physical measuring methods, for which he also constructed measuring instruments. Andres Krüss, son and successor to Hugo Krüss, continued to expand the company's portfolio and global sales in the post-war period. In 1980 Andres Krüss' daughters Martina Krüss-Leibrock and Marianne Weser divided the company into the two companies A. Krüss Optronic and Krüss GmbH. The management of Krüss GmbH was taken over by Marianne Weser's husband, graduate engineer Cornelius Weser, until 2012. Today, their son Florian Weser is the eighth generation to run Krüss GmbH.
After the division of the company, Krüss GmbH's product focus was on contact angle measuring instruments and tensiometers. More recently, the scientific analysis of liquid foams has added a new line of products. Other current instrument developments focus on fully automatic measurement processes and handy instruments for fast, mobile measurements of surface tension , contact angle and surface free energy.

Measuring instruments

Tensiometer

With the tensiometers for measuring surface tension and interfacial tension , Krüss covers the analysis of surfactant solutions for research and development as well as for quality assurance. In addition to static tensiometers, which primarily work with the ring and plate method, the company develops bubble pressure tensiometers and drop volume tensiometers that describe the dynamic behavior of tensides in fast processes such as spraying or coating. A tensiometer that works with the spinning drop method is designed to measure extremely low interfacial tensions, which occur, for example, in tertiary oil production ( EOR ) processes.

Contact angle measuring instruments

The contact angle describes the wettability of solid substances by liquids. This is relevant for the quality of gluing or coating as well as for assessing hydrophobic coatings, e.g. for moisture protection. By measuring the contact angle, the surface free energy of a solid can also be determined, which, for example, enables statements to be made about the adhesion to the surface. In this area, Krüss develops optical laboratory instruments for scientific surface analysis and mobile handheld devices for quality assurance.

Foam analysis

The company develops instruments for foam analysis. These characterize the foam behavior and foam stability of short and long-term stable foams. They also analyze the liquid content and the foam structure in terms of bubble size and bubble size distribution.

Instruments for interfacial rheology

Krüss GmbH's instruments for surface rheological measurements are used to scientifically describe the dynamic behavior of surfactants. The course of the surface or interfacial tension is investigated as a response to a cyclical, sinusoidal enlargement and reduction of the droplet of a surfactant solution. The resulting storage modulus is the elastic part of the change in stress, while the loss modulus reflects the viscous dissipating part. The results allow conclusions to be drawn about the stability of foams and emulsions.

Advice, research and training

One focus of the company is on technical advice and the scientifically supported and validated development of instruments and methods. In addition to a laboratory for contract measurements, Krüss has two other laboratories for experimental setups and practical tests as well as for feasibility studies and the development of new measurement methods. The results of such studies are regularly presented at international specialist congresses and published in specialist journals. There are collaborations with departments at the Universities of Sofia and Bristol, among others. In the company's own training center and at the host institutes, Krüss regularly holds seminars on the theory and practice of interface chemistry.

Web links

Individual evidence

↑ World champion for measurement technology. Hamburger Abendblatt dated December 9, 2003
↑ Raudszus, Ann-Kathrin: Quality assurance at the push of a button. In: Hamburger Wirtschaft 1, 2016, p. 48
^ Andres Krüss: History of a Hamburg family business. Lueneburg 1988.
↑ Jochen Schramm: Edmund Gabory and the Krüss company. In the other (ed.): Stars over Hamburg. The history of astronomy in Hamburg. 2nd expanded and revised edition, Hamburg 2010, pp. 73 ff.
↑ Gerhard and Hugo Krüss: Colorimetry and quantitative spectral analysis. Hamburg and Leipzig 1891.
↑ Website of the Hamburg Society for Precision Mechanics and Optics, History of the Society, 2006, accessed on April 4, 2014. ( Memento of the original from October 25, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / hgfo.de
↑ z. B. Grayson, Webb, Pack, Edwards: Development and Assessment of a Mathematical Model to Predict Foliar Spray Deposition under Laboratory Track Spraying Conditions. Pesticide Science 33 (1991). Pp. 281-304.
↑ z. BCLouis, W. Stout, C. Reader, S. Elajaji: The Use of Acetylenic Glycol Based Additives in Automotive OEM Coatings. In: Pitture e Vernici 78 (2002). Pp. 15-21.
↑ Eli Jens Høgnesen: EOR in fractured oil-wet chalk. Dissertation - University of Stavanger (2005).
↑ DIN EN 828: Adhesives - Wettability - Determination by measuring the contact angle and the surface free energy of solid surfaces.
↑ DIN 55660: Coating materials - wettability (7 parts).
↑ cf. Krastanka G. Marinova, Rumyana D. Stanimirova, Mihail T. Georgiev, Nikola A. Alexandrov, Elka S. Basheva, Peter A. Krachevsky: Co-Adsorption of the Proteins β-Casein and BSA in Relation to the Stability of Thin Liquid Films and foams. In: Peter Kralchevsky, Reinhard Miller, Francesca Ravera (eds.): Colloid and Interface Chemistry for Nanotechnology, CRC Press 2013. pp. 440–456.
↑ Frank Thomsen: Stretching exercises for drops. In: Welt der Farben 3, 2005. pp. 26–29.
↑ z. BP Koelsch and H. Motschmann: Relating Foam Lamella Stability and Surface Dilational Rheology. In: Langmuir 21/14 (2005). Pp. 6265-6269.
↑ z. B. Bastian Brugger, Brian A. Rosen, Walter Richtering: Microgels as Stimuli-Responsive Stabilizers for Emulsions. In: Langmuir 24/21 (2008). Pp. 12202-12208.
↑ See Stoyan C. Russev, Nikola Alexandrov, Krastanka G. Marinova, Krassimir D. Danov, Nikolai D. Denkov, Lyudmil Lyutov, Vassil Vulchev and Christine Bilke-Krause: Instrument and methods for surface dilatational rheology measurements. In: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 104102 (2008). Pp. 1-10.
^ University of Bristol website, accessed April 7, 2014

[1] World champion for measurement technology. Hamburger Abendblatt dated December 9, 2003

[2] Raudszus, Ann-Kathrin: Quality assurance at the push of a button. In: Hamburger Wirtschaft 1, 2016, p. 48

[3] Andres Krüss: History of a Hamburg family business. Lueneburg 1988.

[4] Jochen Schramm: Edmund Gabory and the Krüss company. In the other (ed.): Stars over Hamburg. The history of astronomy in Hamburg. 2nd expanded and revised edition, Hamburg 2010, pp. 73 ff.

[5] Gerhard and Hugo Krüss: Colorimetry and quantitative spectral analysis. Hamburg and Leipzig 1891.

[6] Website of the Hamburg Society for Precision Mechanics and Optics, History of the Society, 2006, accessed on April 4, 2014. ( Memento of the original from October 25, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / hgfo.de

[7] z. B. Grayson, Webb, Pack, Edwards: Development and Assessment of a Mathematical Model to Predict Foliar Spray Deposition under Laboratory Track Spraying Conditions. Pesticide Science 33 (1991). Pp. 281-304.

[8] z. BCLouis, W. Stout, C. Reader, S. Elajaji: The Use of Acetylenic Glycol Based Additives in Automotive OEM Coatings. In: Pitture e Vernici 78 (2002). Pp. 15-21.

[9] Eli Jens Høgnesen: EOR in fractured oil-wet chalk. Dissertation - University of Stavanger (2005).

[10] DIN EN 828: Adhesives - Wettability - Determination by measuring the contact angle and the surface free energy of solid surfaces.

[11] DIN 55660: Coating materials - wettability (7 parts).

[12] . Krastanka G. Marinova, Rumyana D. Stanimirova, Mihail T. Georgiev, Nikola A. Alexandrov, Elka S. Basheva, Peter A. Krachevsky: Co-Adsorption of the Proteins β-Casein and BSA in Relation to the Stability of Thin Liquid Films and foams. In: Peter Kralchevsky, Reinhard Miller, Francesca Ravera (eds.): Colloid and Interface Chemistry for Nanotechnology, CRC Press 2013. pp. 440–456.

[13] Frank Thomsen: Stretching exercises for drops. In: Welt der Farben 3, 2005. pp. 26–29.

[14] z. BP Koelsch and H. Motschmann: Relating Foam Lamella Stability and Surface Dilational Rheology. In: Langmuir 21/14 (2005). Pp. 6265-6269.

[15] z. B. Bastian Brugger, Brian A. Rosen, Walter Richtering: Microgels as Stimuli-Responsive Stabilizers for Emulsions. In: Langmuir 24/21 (2008). Pp. 12202-12208.

[16] See Stoyan C. Russev, Nikola Alexandrov, Krastanka G. Marinova, Krassimir D. Danov, Nikolai D. Denkov, Lyudmil Lyutov, Vassil Vulchev and Christine Bilke-Krause: Instrument and methods for surface dilatational rheology measurements. In: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 104102 (2008). Pp. 1-10.

[17] University of Bristol website, accessed April 7, 2014