Cryptocatholicism
Cryptocatholicism ( secret Catholicism ) describes a Roman Catholic faith that is only practiced in secret . This was often done to avoid religious persecution, e.g. B. in England under Elizabeth I. Various currents within the Protestant churches are also - mostly derogatory - referred to as cryptocatholicism, including the syncretists of the 17th century and the various high church movements such as Anglo-Catholicism and the liturgical movement .
Syncretists
The Syncretists of the 16th century were a movement within Lutheran Orthodoxy that turned against the narrowness of Lutheran Orthodoxy.
The decisive factor was the Helmstedt theologian Georg Calixt (1586–1656), who sought to limit the general Christian element in the dogma of the first five centuries ( consensus quinquesaecularis ) and thus Christianity to essential beliefs that were necessary for salvation (articuli fundamentales).
The idea of creating a universal church made up of Lutherans, Reformed and Catholics was considered treason by the former and was rejected with equal vehemence by all parties.
The syncretistic dispute was not settled either at the “loving Thorner religious talk ” in 1645 or later.
literature
Introductions
- Inge Mager : Georg Calixt. In: Shaping Church History. Vol. 7, Stuttgart 1982, pp. 137-148.
- Inge Mager: Georg Calixt. Selected works. 4 vols. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1970–1982. (Vol. 1: Introduction to Theology, 1978; Vol. 2: Dogmatische Schriften, 1982; Vol. 3: Ethische Schriften, 1970; Vol. 4: Schriften zur Eschatologie, 1972)
- Christoph Böttigheimer : Between polemics and Irenik. The theology of one church in Georg Calixt. Studies on systematic theology and ethics 7. Lit Verl., Münster 1996 ISBN 3-8258-2837-9
- Heinrich Schmid: History of the syncretistic disputes in the time of Georg Calixt . Carl Heyder, Erlangen 1846
- W. Gaß: Georg Calixt and Syncretism. A dogma-historical treatise . Gosohorsky, Breslau 1846
- Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz : CALIXT, Georg. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 1, Bautz, Hamm 1975. 2nd, unchanged edition Hamm 1990, ISBN 3-88309-013-1 , Sp. 861-863.
Individual studies
- Friedrich Wilhelm Kantzenbach: The struggle for the unity of the church in the century of the Reformation. Representatives, sources and motifs of the “ecumenical” idea from Erasmus von Rotterdam to Georg Calixt . Evang. Publishing company, Stuttgart 1957
- Johannes Wallmann : The theology concept in Johann Gerhard and Georg Calixt . Contributions to historical theology 30. Mohr, Tübingen 1961
- Hermann Schüssler: Georg Calixt. Theology and church politics. A study on the ecumenicity of Lutheranism . Publications of the Institute for European History Mainz 25. Steiner, Wiesbaden 1961
- Inge Mager: Georg Calixt's theological ethics and their aftermath . Studies on the church history of Lower Saxony 19. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1969. (Diss. 1969)
- Peter Engel: The one truth in divided Christianity. Investigations into the theology of Georg Calixt . Göttingen theological works 4. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1976
- Inge Mager: Fraternity and Unity. Georg Calixt and the Thorner Religious Discussion 1645 . In: Thorn. Queen of the Vistula 1231–1981, ed. v. B. Jähnig and P. Letkemann, Göttingen 1981, pp. 209-238
- Inge Mager: Spirituality and Rationality. Johann Arndt and Georg Calixt in Northern Germany in the 17th century . In: JGNKG 90, 1992, pp. 31-41
- Claus Bernet : Simultaneous building and church tower: The visibility of the denominational element in urban architecture using examples from Mannheim, Mühlheim and Karlsruhe. In: Rhein-Maas. Studies on history, language and culture , 1, 2010, pp. 123–149.