Kungurium

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system series step ≈ age ( mya )
higher higher higher younger
Perm Lopingium Changhsingium 251.9
⬍
254.2
Wuchiapingium 254.2
⬍
259.9
Guadalupium Capitanium 259.9
⬍
265.1
Wordium 265.1
⬍
268.8
Roadium 268.8
⬍
272.3
Cisuralium Kungurium 272.3
⬍
279.3
Artinskium 279.3
⬍
290.1
Sacmarium 290.1
⬍
295.5
Asselium 295.5
⬍
298.9
deeper deeper deeper older

The kungurium is the highest chronostratigraphic level of the lower perm or the cisuralium in the history of the earth . The level ranges in absolute numbers ( geochronologically ) from about 279.3 million years to 272.3 million years. The Kungurium follows the Artinsian and is followed by the Roadium , the lowest level of the Guadalupian (Middle Permian).

Naming and history

The Kungurium is named after the place Kungur near Perm ( Russia ). The name and level were proposed by Alexander Stuckenberg in 1890 .

Definition and GSSP

The base of the kungurium is defined by the first appearance of the conodont species Neostreptognathus pnevi and Neostreptognathus exculptus . The end of the stage is marked with the first appearance of the conodont species Jinogondolella nankingensis . A GSSP (globally valid type locality and type profile) has not yet been ratified.

Breakdown

The kungurium can be divided into three conodont zones:

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Boris I. Chuvashov, Valery V. Chernykh, Ernst Ya. Leven, Vladimir I. Davydov, SA Bowring, Jahandar Ramezani, Brian F. Glenister, Charles M. Henderson, Tamra A. Schiappa, CJ Northrup, Walter S. Snyder, Claude Spinosa and Bruce R. Wardlaw: Progress report on the base of the Artinskian and base of the Kungurian by the Cisuralian Working Group. Permophiles, 41: 13-16 2002 PDF

literature

  • Felix Gradstein, Jim Ogg, Jim & Alan Smith: A Geologic timescale. Cambridge University Press 2004, ISBN 9780521786737
  • Hans Murawski & Wilhelm Meyer: Geological dictionary . 10., rework. u. exp. Ed., 278 pages, Enke Verlag, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-432-84100-0 .

Web links