Short-tailed leaf noses
| Short-tailed leaf noses | ||||||||||||
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Carollia brevicauda |
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| Carolliinae | ||||||||||||
| Miler , 1924 |
The short-tailed leaf noses (Carolliinae) are a bat taxon , they form a subfamily of the leaf noses (Phyllostomidae). In this subfamily, two genera, Carollia and Rhinophylla , are combined with a total of seven species.
description
Short-tailed leaf noses are rather small bats, they reach a head body length of 43 to 65 millimeters and a weight of 9 to 20 grams. The name-giving short tail has only one genus, Carollia , but it is missing in Rhinophylla . The fur of these animals is usually dark brown in color, individual specimens can also be light brown or orange. The face is characterized by the pointed ears and the thick nasal sheet.
Distribution and way of life
Short-tailed leaf noses live in America , their range extends from Mexico to northern Argentina . Their habitat are mostly tropical rainforests.
Like most bats, they are nocturnal, caves, crevices in the rock, hollow tree trunks, mines or houses where they usually sleep in groups. The only better researched species, Carollia perspicillata , lives in harem groups that can consist of one male and up to eight females. The males jealously watch over their females and are constantly trying to find new females. On the other hand, the harem leaders guard the offspring of their females while they are looking for food and help bring them back together when they return. The surplus males often live together in bachelor groups.
Their diet consists mainly of fruits, including guavas , figs and bananas . They often plunder plantations and are persecuted for this. In addition, they also consume insects.
Reproduction
The female can give birth to offspring twice a year, the gestation period is around 105 to 125 days, and like bats, the litter size is usually one. Sexual maturity occurs at the age of one to two years. In the wild, these bats can live up to ten years, and in captivity up to twelve years old.
Systematics
The short-tailed leaf noses form a subfamily of the leaf noses (Phyllostomidae), their closest relatives are the fruit vampires (Stenodermatinae). The subfamily is divided into two genera, Carollia and Rhinophylla . In addition to details in the construction of the teeth, the genera differ in the length of the tail. There are nine types:
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Carollia
- the silky short-tailed nose ( Carollia brevicauda ) is common from southern Panama to Bolivia .
- the chestnut brown short-tailed leaf nose ( Carollia castanea ) lives from Honduras to Bolivia.
- The nose of the glasses ( Carollia perspicillata ) is the best-researched species. Its range extends from Mexico to Argentina .
- the gray short-tailed leaf nose ( Carollia subrufa ) lives from southern Mexico to Nicaragua and in Guyana .
- the sowell's short-tailed leaf nose ( Carollia sowelli ) lives from eastern Mexico to northern Panama .
- the Manu short-tailed leaf nose ( Carollia manu ), a species recently described in Peru .
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Rhinophylla
- the hairy dwarf fruit vampire ( Rhinophylla alethina ) lives in a small area in western Colombia and northern Ecuador . It is not considered endangered.
- the Fischer dwarf fruit vampire ( Rhinophylla fischerae ) lives in the Amazon basin . This species is also listed as not endangered by the IUCN .
- the small dwarf fruit vampire ( Rhinophylla pumilio ) is common in the northern and central part of South America.
Distribution area of the silky short-tailed leaf nose ( Carollia brevicauda )
Distribution area of Carollia castanea
Distribution area of the nose ( Carollia perspicillata )
Distribution area of Carollia subrufa
Distribution area of Carollia sowelli
Distribution area of Carollia manu
Distribution area of Rhinophylla alethina
Distribution area of Rhinophylla fischerae
Distribution area of Rhinophylla pumilio
literature
- Ronald M. Nowak: Walker's Mammals of the World . Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999 ISBN 0801857899 .