Pöppendorf warehouse

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The Pöppendorf camp in Lübeck-Kücknitz was a transit camp in the Waldhusener Forest for a million people from 1945 to 1951 : members of the armed forces , German refugees and resettlers from the eastern regions and some of the rejected Jewish refugees from the emigration ship Exodus as part of Operation Oasis . It was the largest refugee camp in Schleswig-Holstein .

location

Site plan of the Waldhusener Forest. 1 = Kücknitz train station, 2 = Waldhusen forester's house, 3 = Pöppendorf warehouse.
Plan with the location of the Pöppendorf camp
Pavilion on the parking lot in Waldhusen forest at the location of the memorial plaque for the Pöppendorf camp.
Road from the forest house Waldhusen through the Waldhusener forest to Pöppendorf. The coniferous forest to the right of the street (left edge of the picture) covers the area of ​​the former Pöppendorf camp.

The camp was north of the old Kücknitz / Forsthaus Waldhusen train station in the Waldhusener Forest. Remnants are no longer recognizable due to the afforestation of the area by the Waldhusen forestry department . One of the entrances to the site is today at the second car park on the road from the forest house Waldhusen through the Waldhusener forest towards Pöppendorf .

Warehouse process

The newcomers came via ship transport via the port of Travemünde or train transport or Lübeck main station / by train to Kücknitz station. The transport from the port or train station to the camp was provided by the camp's vehicle fleet. First the newcomers came to the delousing center and then for a medical examination. Sick people were admitted to the Lübeck hospitals or the infirmary barracks. Refugees from the eastern regions were in poor condition. Returnees from Denmark, British and American prisoners of war in good shape.

Accommodation

The actual main camp was 700 meters from the train station. The refugees found shelter in wooden barracks, tents and Nissen huts . In addition, there was a dining tent and a food barrack. The Norwegian European Aid set up a culture barrack. The bathroom facilities were simple. The medical department took care of sick inmates. The administration of the camp was located in the sub-camp.

Construction and use of the camp

The Pöppendorf camp was the largest refugee transit camp in Northern Germany. It was established in 1945 by order of the British Military Government. In 1951 the camp was closed and demolished.

Release camp for the Norwegian Army

After the end of the Second World War , on July 20, 1945, the British occupying forces initially ordered a release tent camp in the entire area of ​​the Waldhusener Forest for the release of prisoners of war from the Norwegian Army . From July 25 to August 3, 1945, a vanguard of prisoners of war of 68 officers and 565 NCOs and crew ranks built several camp areas with cooking and medical services. From August 4, the ships with German prisoners of war from Norway docked in Travemünde . Within two months up to October 3, 1945, 78,550 soldiers admitted to the camp were checked, registered and transported with discharge papers to their discharge districts by truck. Every day around 100 wounded were admitted to the surrounding hospitals for further treatment. 800 to 1000 relatives from the British office in Pöppendorf came to the camp every day for the check.

Refugee transit camp

The British military government decided on October 12, 1945 to convert the Wehrmacht discharge center into a refugee transit camp. The British agency was dissolved on April 20, 1947. The refugee camp went to the province of Schleswig-Holstein and from there administratively to the Hanseatic city of Lübeck. As part of the resettlement campaigns, refugees , resettlers , returnees from the Munster Wehrmacht release camp and loners were taken in for five years from November 13, 1945 to July 30, 1950 as part of closed transport campaigns . From November 1945 to January 1946, an average of 1,500 refugees and resettlers from the Soviet-occupied zone were distributed to the districts of Schleswig-Holstein every day. The cities of Schleswig-Holstein were closed to immigration. From July 27, 1946, the arriving refugees and displaced persons were forwarded to other countries in the British zone of occupation. From 1947, an immigration ban was imposed on the state of Schleswig-Holstein. In 1948 the Pöppendorf transit camp was expanded into a residential camp. In 1949 there was a shortage (soap, clothes, prams) and extreme bureaucracy in the camp. The number of camp inmates had dropped from 2,000 to 3,000 to 500. With the opening of the Uelzen refugee transit camp on August 25, 1949, the Pöppendorf transit camp became a waiting camp with weeks and months of waiting in the Nissen huts .

The people in the transit camp

From November 13, 1945 to July 31, 1950, a total of 536,718 people were recorded and forwarded in the camp. They were different groups of people uprooted by the Second World War.

  • November 13, 1945 to the end of February 1946: Resettlement of around 156,000 people from the Soviet-occupied areas to the British occupation zone.
  • September 10, 1945 to ...: 1,262 returnees from the American and French occupation zones to Schleswig-Holstein.
  • September 8, 1946 to May 1948: Return of 21,126 resettlers from Schleswig-Holstein via the Pöppendorf camp to the Soviet occupation zone.
  • February 28, 1946 to July 26, 1946, July 26, 1946 to ...: Resettlers due to the expulsion of the German population from Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary. 147,227 of these deportees from the displacement camps in Stettin arrived at the Pöppendorf camp by rail and ship and were distributed among the districts of Schleswig-Holstein. A further 70,435 were later forwarded to the western provinces of the British occupation zone via the Pöppendorf camp.
  • September 27, 1948 to February 1949: Return of 7,048 refugees, who were originally evacuated from the eastern regions, from the camps in Denmark via the Pöppendorf camp.
  • September 19, 1946 to the end of April 1948: German returnees from English, French, American and Soviet captivity via Pöppendorf to Schleswig-Holstein.
  • ... until February 1947: 1,470 ethnic Germans and stateless persons as displaced persons were referred through the Pöppendorf camp.
  • ... until July 1947: Lone cross-border commuters: In addition to the organized transports, loners from the Soviet occupation zone also arrived at the camp.

Jewish refugees from the Exodus

Rabbi Salomon Wolf Zwajgenhaft (center) - Chief Rabbi of Hanover and Lower Saxony during a visit to the Poppendorf camp in 1947 in conversation with Captain Ike Aronowicz (left).
Certificate for Robert Gary in the Pöppendorf camp

In 1947 the concentration camp survivors of the ship Exodus, who had been rejected by the British in Palestine , were sent back to Hamburg with the three prisoner ships Ocean Vigor, Runnymede Park and Empire Rival. They were interned in the Pöppendorf camp on September 9, 1947 as part of Operation Oasis and stayed there until November 3, 1947. The British troops unloaded them in Hamburg and transported them to the Pöppendorf camp. The Pöppendorf camp had previously been cleared. A two meter wide barbed wire fence was erected around the camp. The camp was secured by an English guard, eleven watchtowers and floodlights. The refugees were transferred to winter quarters in Emden and Wilhelmshafen-Sengwarden on November 3, 1947. In the spring of 1948, the entry permit to Palestine was granted.

War cemeteries

520 people died in the camp. 172 deceased from the Pöppendorf refugee camp are buried in the part of the Waldhusen cemetery in Lübeck, which was expanded from 1945 to 1946. Other deceased from the Pöppendorf refugee camp are buried in the Vorwerker cemetery in Lübeck.

Sick refugees were admitted from the Pöppendorf camp to the Influx hospital in Bad Bramstedt . Those who died in the hospital were buried in the war cemetery at the southern end / newer part of the Bramstedter cemetery.

During the time that the Exodus internees were in the Pöppendorf camp, three children were born who died shortly after birth. These are buried in the Jewish cemetery (Lübeck-Moisling) in the grave field of the victims of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp . The three tombstones bear the inscription "Exodus child without a name".

memory

Camp Pöppendorf on the parking lot in the Waldhusener Forest on the road from the forest house Waldhusen towards Pöppendorf. Memorial plaque and street.
Camp Pöppendorf on the parking lot in the Waldhusener Forest on the road from the forest house Waldhusen towards Pöppendorf. Memorial plaque to the Pöppendorf camp.
On the former camp site.

The history of the camp was first worked up in 1999 by students from the Geschwister-Prenski-Schule in the long-running traveling exhibition Pöppendorf instead of Palestine . The memory of the Pöppendorf camp is held by the non-profit association Kücknitz e. V. and the Society of Friends of the Lübeck City Forest e. V. kept awake.

literature

  • Christian Rathmer: The Pöppendorf camp 1945 - 1951. Book accompanying the exhibition Expelled - Lost - Distributed. Turntable Pöppendorf 1945 - 1951 in the industrial museum Geschichtswerkstatt Herrenwyk , Kaiser and Mietzner, Lübeck 2018. ISBN 978-3-00-060747-9 . (Book accompanying the exhibition Expelled - Lost - Distributed. Turntable Pöppendorf 1945 - 1951 in the Herrenwyk History Workshop).

Web links

Commons : Lager Pöppendorf  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Camp Pöppendorf: Kücknitz is working on history. In Lübecker Nachrichten of November 27, 2014, p. 15.
  2. ^ Guided tour through the Pöppendorfer camp. In: Wochenspiegel Lübeck North / East of November 29, 2014, p. 4.
  3. ^ Christian Rathmer: The Pöppendorf camp 1945 - 1951. Book accompanying the exhibition Expelled - Lost - Distributed. Turntable Pöppendorf 1945 - 1951 in the industrial museum Geschichtswerkstatt Herrenwyk , Kaiser and Mietzner, Lübeck 2018, pp. 29–57. ISBN 978-3-00-060747-9 . (Book accompanying the exhibition Expelled - Lost - Distributed. Turntable Pöppendorf 1945 - 1951 in the Herrenwyk History Workshop).
  4. ^ Christian Rathmer: The Pöppendorf camp 1945 - 1951. Book accompanying the exhibition Expelled - Lost - Distributed. Turntable Pöppendorf 1945 - 1951 in the industrial museum Geschichtswerkstatt Herrenwyk , Kaiser and Mietzner, Lübeck 2018, pp. 29–57. ISBN 978-3-00-060747-9 . (Book accompanying the exhibition Expelled - Lost - Distributed. Turntable Pöppendorf 1945 - 1951 in the Herrenwyk History Workshop).
  5. ^ Christian Rathmer: The Pöppendorf camp 1945 - 1951. Book accompanying the exhibition Expelled - Lost - Distributed. Turntable Pöppendorf 1945 - 1951 in the industrial museum Geschichtswerkstatt Herrenwyk , Kaiser and Mietzner, Lübeck 2018, p. 9. ISBN 978-3-00-060747-9 . (Book accompanying the exhibition Expelled - Lost - Distributed. Turntable Pöppendorf 1945 - 1951 in the Herrenwyk History Workshop).
  6. ^ Christian Rathmer: The Pöppendorf camp 1945 - 1951. Book accompanying the exhibition Expelled - Lost - Distributed. Turntable Pöppendorf 1945 - 1951 in the industrial museum Geschichtswerkstatt Herrenwyk , Kaiser and Mietzner, Lübeck 2018, p. 11. ISBN 978-3-00-060747-9 . (Book accompanying the exhibition Expelled - Lost - Distributed. Turntable Pöppendorf 1945 - 1951 in the Herrenwyk History Workshop).
  7. ↑ Occupancy of the Pöppendorf warehouse
  8. ↑ Werner Macziey and Renate Giercke: Kücknitzer district history. Here 1945–1948
  9. ↑ The Prachern of Pöppendorf. In: Wir Ostpreußen from November 1, 1949, pp. 3–4, 6.
  10. ^ Christian Rathmer: The Pöppendorf camp 1945 - 1951. Book accompanying the exhibition Expelled - Lost - Distributed. Turntable Pöppendorf 1945 - 1951 in the industrial museum Geschichtswerkstatt Herrenwyk , Kaiser and Mietzner, Lübeck 2018, p. 13. ISBN 978-3-00-060747-9 . (Book accompanying the exhibition Expelled - Lost - Distributed. Turntable Pöppendorf 1945 - 1951 in the Herrenwyk History Workshop).
  11. ^ Christian Rathmer: The Pöppendorf camp 1945 - 1951. Book accompanying the exhibition Expelled - Lost - Distributed. Turntable Pöppendorf 1945 - 1951 in the industrial museum Geschichtswerkstatt Herrenwyk , Kaiser and Mietzner, Lübeck 2018, pp. 15-23, 27. ISBN 978-3-00-060747-9 . (Book accompanying the exhibition Expelled - Lost - Distributed. Turntable Pöppendorf 1945 - 1951 in the Herrenwyk History Workshop).
  12. ^ Christian Rathmer: The Pöppendorf camp 1945 - 1951. Book accompanying the exhibition Expelled - Lost - Distributed. Turntable Pöppendorf 1945 - 1951 in the industrial museum Geschichtswerkstatt Herrenwyk , Kaiser and Mietzner, Lübeck 2018, p. 25. ISBN 978-3-00-060747-9 . (Book accompanying the exhibition Expelled - Lost - Distributed. Turntable Pöppendorf 1945 - 1951 in the Herrenwyk History Workshop).
  13. ↑ Waldhusen Cemetery. In: Hanseatic City of Lübeck (ed.): The cemetery guide . Mammut-Verlag, Leipzig, 2nd edition March 2013, p. 44.
  14. ^ Christian Rathmer: The Pöppendorf camp 1945 - 1951. Book accompanying the exhibition Expelled - Lost - Distributed. Turntable Pöppendorf 1945 - 1951 in the industrial museum Geschichtswerkstatt Herrenwyk , Kaiser and Mietzner, Lübeck 2018, p. 39. ISBN 978-3-00-060747-9 . (Book accompanying the exhibition Expelled - Lost - Distributed. Turntable Pöppendorf 1945 - 1951 in the Herrenwyk History Workshop).
  15. ^ Karl Klöckner: Bad Bramstedt war cemetery. ( Memento of the original from May 14, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / alt-bramstedt.de
  16. ↑ Albrecht Schreiber: Victims of concentration camps in the Lübeck-Moisling Jewish cemetery. In: Ohlsdorf - Zeitschrift für Trauerkultur, Issue 72, I, 2001 - February 2000
  17. ↑ Lübeck city newspaper from June 26, 2001

Coordinates: 53 ° 55 '17.4 "  N , 10 ° 47' 36.2"  E