Change in stocks

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Stock change is in the economy , the change of inventories of finished products , semi-finished products or raw materials , consumables and supplies .

General

The change in stocks affects both business administration and economics . Both have in common that changes in stocks only affect those sectors of the economy in which warehousing and thus the storage risk play a role. This is particularly the case with high stock levels . Changes in stocks are based on increases in stocks through inventory build-up or inventory reductions through inventory reductions. While the stock level represents a stock quantity, stock build-up, stock reduction and stock change are flow quantities . Since services cannot be stored, only produced goods count when changing stocks .

Business administration

Changes in stocks are also referred to here as changes in stocks and have an effect on the storage risk. If the inventory increases, the storage risk increases and vice versa. In the income statement , the change in inventories in accordance with Section 275 (2) No. 2 HGB is shown as follows: 

   Umsatzerlöse
   + Erhöhung des Bestands an fertigen und unfertigen Erzeugnissen
   - Verminderung des Bestands an fertigen und unfertigen Erzeugnissen
   + andere aktivierte Eigenleistungen
   = Gesamtleistung

Revenues relate to the proceeds from the sale of goods in an accounting period . These sales revenues can also include products that were already manufactured in previous accounting periods but not yet sold. For this purpose there is the correction item "Inventory changes", which takes stockkeeping into account. If products were manufactured in the previous year, initially put into stock and only sold in the current year, they disguise the result for the period and are deducted from sales as a reduction in inventory for the purpose of determining the total output in the period. You have not incurred any costs in the current year . Conversely, if products are manufactured in the current year but not sold, they are added as an inventory increase because their manufacturing costs have to be taken into account.

Economics

Changes in stocks include changes in output stocks (semi-finished and finished own products) and changes in input stocks (intermediate products and merchandise). Stocks are built up in the event of overproduction, for example due to overcapacity , lack of demand or excess supply , while a stock reduction is based on a supply gap or excess demand . Inventory building or destocking tend to lead to changes in market prices . At the beginning of an upswing in the economy, stocks are increased in anticipation of additional future demand ; in the further course, stocks are adjusted depending on the realized sales. If there is an unexpected loss of demand, inventories grow unexpectedly, and for this reason, among other things, inventory investments will be reduced significantly in the subsequent period, which can be associated with an intermediate economic low.

The change in stocks is determined as the difference between the stocks at the end of the reporting period and the stocks at the beginning of the reporting period. Since it can hardly be recorded statistically, it is determined as a residual value:

.

These stocks are valued at production costs . The value of the changes in stocks is included in the gross domestic product as an aggregate of the usage calculation . Changes in stocks can be greater than or less than zero (inventory build-up or inventory reduction). Changes in stocks are part of several economic indicators , such as net value added :

.

The starting point is the sales to which the changes in inventories are added, while intermediate consumption and depreciation are to be deducted.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Reiner Stäglin / Carsten Stahmer, A system of input-output tables for the Federal Republic of Germany , Issue 159, 1995, p. XXII
  2. ↑ Expert Council for the Assessment of Overall Economic Development, Annual Report 1996 , p. 90