Stock size
Under a stock size (also inventory mass ; English stock ) is understood in the Wirtschaftsmathematik in monetary units Reviewed or in engineering units at a certain time measured size . The opposite is the current magnitude . In physics one speaks of potential quantities
General
The economist Nicholas Gregory Mankiw has explained the difference and connection between stock and flow variables using the bathtub as an example . The amount of water present in the tub is the stock quantity , the water flowing into or out of the tub is a flow quantity. This also results in the relationship between the two sizes, because inflow and outflow change the stock size.
The stock is the material and / or immaterial result of accumulation processes . Tangible stocks are the cash balance , intangible stocks include the number of patents . The numerical value of a stock quantity can be a monetary unit (e.g. euros ) or a physical quantity ( kilograms ), from which the dimension “monetary or quantity units at the time” results. Statistically, the point in time is often called the “reference date”. The stock size differs from the flow size in the temporal delimitation of an examined population , with stock sizes referring to a specific point in time (e.g. the population of Cologne as of December 31, 2016). In contrast, the flow rate is related to a specific period (e.g. the number of bankruptcies in 2010 as a whole).
Stock sizes are subject to a higher probability of chance than flow sizes. The stock sizes determined at a certain point in time can be influenced by sudden events that occur up to the reference date. This random probability decreases for flow variables the larger the survey period is chosen.
detection
Stock sizes are determined through inventory , updating or observation of individual trends, in which the stock is known at any point in time. An incoming and outgoing quantity is assigned to each stock size. For example, the population on a certain reference date is made up of the inflow of the birth rate and immigration and the outflow of the death rate and emigration . Mathematically, currents contain a member of the dimension class “time” in their dimension with an exponent other than zero . Stock sizes, on the other hand, do not contain any time dimensions in their dimension.
Each flow variable changes its associated stock size. Receipts increase inventory, consumption or issues reduce it. If, for example, a part of the income (flow rate) of a private household is saved , its wealth increases or its debts decrease (stock size).
species
In economics and business administration there are, among others, the following parameters :
- Economics
- Physical quantities : population , land area , number of unemployed , volume of work . The quotient of the number of inhabitants and the land area is the population density .
- Monetary units : money supply , currency in circulation , national wealth .
- Business administration
- physical quantities : incoming orders , inventory , staff , size of company .
- Monetary units : current assets , equity , debt capital , total assets , business volume , portfolio . The quotient of equity and total assets is the equity ratio .
These inventory figures are also economic or business indicators .
Stock sizes in the annual financial statements
In the financial statements of companies both inventory are included as flows. The balance sheet consists of inventory values that are determined on the balance sheet date (usually December 31 ), the income statement contains the cumulative success figures ( sales , costs or income ) for an entire financial year as flow parameters .
The following equation applies to fixed assets:
Anfangsbestand (Bestandsgröße) + Zugang (Stromgröße) – Abgang (Stromgröße) = Endbestand (Bestandsgröße)
The difference between the opening inventory minus the ending inventory is called the inventory change amount . The compilation of several inventory sizes is called inventory calculation . The asset history sheet is therefore an inventory calculation.
Linking inventory and flow quantities
When analyzing the balance sheet , it is also possible to combine key figures from inventory and flow variables, such as the inventory turnover rate or the debtor target . The inventory turnover rate results from the ratio of the material costs (flow rate) and the inventory (inventory size). Statistical turnover ratios always relate a stock size to the changing flow size. In economics the associated capital productivity , the production amount (current value) and the requisite capital stock (stock size).
Macroeconomic models that depict changes in stocks and flow sizes are called stock-flow consistent models .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Nicholas Gregory Mankiw, Macroeconomics , 2011, p. 26
- ↑ Jay Wright Forrester , Industrial Dynamics , 1961, p. 68
- ↑ Benjamin Auer / Horst Rottmann, Statistics and Econometrics for Economists , 2015, p. 5
- ↑ Bernd Rönz / Hans Gerhard Strohe (eds.), Lexicon Statistics , 1994, p. 40
- ↑ Jürgen Kopf, Elements of Economic Research and Teaching : Festschrift for Sigurd Klatt on his 65th birthday, 1993, p. 19
- ↑ Volker Letzner, Test and Training Math, Logic and Statistics , 2007, p. 28
- ↑ Jay Wright Forrester, Industrial Dynamics , 1961, p. 69
- ↑ Ullrich Guckelsberger / Fritz Unger, Statistics in Business Administration , 1999, p. 14
- ^ Alfred Stobbe, Volkswirtschaftslehre I: Volkswirtschaftliches Accounting , 1980, p. 64
- ↑ Heinz J. Aubeck, Accounting for Schools and Training , 2017, p. 364