lamp
A lamp ( , French lampe , from ancient Greek λαμπάς lampás " torch , lamp") is a technical component of a lamp that generates light by converting energy and is used for lighting . Colloquially, the terms lamp , light source and luminaire are equated.
term
The terms light , lamp and luminaire are defined in DIN 5039 . According to this, a lamp, quote: "a technical implementation of an artificial light source, which is primarily intended to generate light, that is, to shine or illuminate." The luminaire is defined as a, quotation: "A device that is used to distribute, filter or transform the light from lamps, including the components necessary for fastening, protecting or operating the lamps." Are defined. The term light source is not used in this, as in other German-language standards on the subject of lighting (DIN EN 12665, DIN EN 13032-1, DIN EN 60969, DIN IEC 60810, etc.). In sheet 1 of VDI 4700 , lamp is quoted as: "the light source in a lamp". This definition is based on a reference to the withdrawn BGR 131-1. In the VDI guideline mentioned, the colloquial equation of the terms lamp and luminaire , as a designation of the entire lighting device (cf. e.g. kerosene lamp , desk lamp, etc.), is described as incorrect.
The lamp is specified in DIN 5039, as is colloquial, with additions to compound terms. In the case of electric lamps such as: incandescent lamp , halogen incandescent lamp, gas discharge lamp , high-pressure discharge lamp , fluorescent lamp , this is usually how light is created. In the case of chemico-physical lamps, the lamp cannot usually be technically separated from the luminaire, so that the lamp is the dominant part of the luminaire and thus defines the term. Examples are: the oil lamp , the lantern (which contains a candle), the kerosene lamp, and the carbide lamp . The term replacement lamp or retrofit is increasingly used (for example in terms such as LED replacement lamp or LED retrofit) for electrical lamps that can be used directly in exchange for incandescent lamps, as they fit into existing sockets and are offered in similar luminous intensities . Such lamps are also often referred to as energy-saving lamps after the objective of replacement.
history
The discovery of a stone with a flat surface and a scorch trace from Edertal - Buhlen from the Middle Paleolithic is considered the oldest lamp found worldwide. Until the invention of the argand lamp in the late 18th century, the kerosene lamp in the beginning and the gas lamp around the middle of the 19th century, lamps were mostly simply shaped, open or covered vessels made of clay, stone, glass or metal, which were made of vegetable oil or by means of a wick burned animal fat ( oil lamp ) or contained candles. The invention of the electrically operated incandescent lamp was of epoch-making importance for modern lighting .
Newer lamp types are for example: compact fluorescent lamps , halogen lamps , metal halide lamps , arc lamps and light emitting diodes . As one of the essential features of all electrically operated lamps, sockets made of metal or ceramic, which establish the electrical and mechanical connection to the luminaire. An exception is the sulfur lamp, which is only mechanically connected to the lamp. The ILCOS standard was developed by the International Commission on Illumination in order to make this large number of newer lamps comparable in terms of their technical structure, light color and other characteristics .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Erik Theiss: Lighting technology: new technologies for indoor and outdoor lighting . Oldenbourg R. Verlag GmbH, August 2000, p. 228ff.
- ↑ DIN 5039 - light, lamps, lights; Terms, classification . Beuth, September 1995, p. 2 .
- ↑ DIN 5039 - light, lamps, lights; Terms, classification . Beuth, September 1995, p. 3 .
- ↑ DIN EN 12665 - Light and lighting; Basic terms and criteria for defining lighting requirements . Beuth, August 2018.
- ↑ DIN EN 13032-1 - Light and lighting Measurement and display of photometric data from lamps and luminaires; Part 1 . Beuth, June 2012.
- ↑ DIN EN 60969 - lamps with built-in ballast for general lighting . Beuth, June 2001.
- ↑ DIN IEC 60810 - lamps, light sources & LED packages for road vehicles . Beuth, March 2017.
- ^ Association of German Engineers eV (Ed.): VDI 4700 sheet 1 - Terms of construction and building technology . Beuth, Düsseldorf October 2015, p. 94 .
- ↑ FB VW - SG lighting. DGUV, May 2019, accessed on February 8, 2020 .
- ↑ Lutz Fiedler: Light into the darkness of the Neanderthal period - probably the oldest lighting fixture known to man was found in Hessen . In: hessenArchäologie 2009. Yearbook for archeology and palaeontology in Hessen. Wiesbaden 2010. ISBN 978-3-8062-2400-9 . P. 27ff.