District Administrator (Bavaria)
The district administrator was the political representative of the district communities (today's districts ) in the Kingdom of Bavaria . He is not to be confused with today's district administrator , who is the organ and main administrative officer of a German district .
history
The administrative structure of the Kingdom of Bavaria, founded in 1806, was completely redesigned in 1808 to incorporate the newly acquired territories. Bavaria was divided into 15 districts, whose names were based on rivers. In 1810 six districts were dissolved, in 1814 another district. After the Congress of Vienna in 1816, the Rhine District , later Palatinate , was formed as a new district and by 1817 two more districts were dissolved due to the assignment of territories, so that when the administration was reorganized in 1817, only eight districts existed. In 1838, instead of the river names, these were given the names of the old duchies. Since January 1, 1838, the names of the circles have been as follows:
| Name until 1837 | Name from 1838 |
|---|---|
| Isar circle | Upper Bavaria |
| Lower Danube District | Lower Bavaria |
| Rain circle | Upper Palatinate and Regensburg |
| Obermainkreis | Upper Franconia |
| Rezatkreis | Middle Franconia |
| Lower Main District | Lower Franconia and Aschaffenburg |
| Upper Danube District | Swabia and Neuburg |
| Rhine district | Palatinate |
These names were later transferred to the government districts that still exist today .
The forerunner of today's districts as a political level of representation was the General Council from 1816 to 1820 , which only existed in the Rhine district . From 1820 the district administrator (not to be confused with today's political office) was created. District administrators were introduced to Bavaria on the right bank of the Rhine from 1828 on the initiative of King Ludwig I. The district administrators of 1828 were made up of elected and appointed landowners and traders, i.e. unelected bodies that were supposed to act as advisory and controlling bodies alongside the district governments. From 1852 to 1919 there were district communities with the elected district administrator as a self-governing body, whose decisions came into force after recognition by the king. The management of the district administrator as a community association of the highest order was incumbent on the respective district government.
From 1919 to 1933, today's districts were referred to as districts, whose district council served as a representative body. From 1933 to 1945 the names were district association and district association day. The name used since 1946 is mostly district, although the constitution of the Free State of Bavaria still speaks of circles.
literature
- Wilhelm Volkert : Bavaria's central and regional administration between 1799 and 1817, in: Reforms in Rhineland Germany (Writings of the Historisches Kolleg, Colloquia 4), Munich 1984, 169-180.
- Wilhelm Volkert: The Bavarian circles. Names and division between 1808 and 1838, in: Ferdinand Seibt (Hg.): Gesellschaftgeschichte. Festschrift for Karl Bosl on his 80th birthday, Volume II, Munich 1988, 308–323.
- Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of the Bavarian offices, municipalities and courts 1799–1980, Munich 1983.
- Hermann Rumschöttel , Michael Unger: The Bavarian districts in the 19th and 20th centuries - basic lines of historical development. in: Christoph Becker: The higher municipal associations in Germany - model of the future. , LiT Verlag, Berlin, 2017.