National language
As Landsersprache , Landserjargon or land earth Uch is soldiers language of the soldiers referred to as the First and Second World War was common.
stylistics
The jargon common among German soldiers of the two world wars is characterized by a large number of substitute terms for official designations of job-specific objects and actions.
Elements of the local language come from the different dialects of the respective soldiers. Above all, the influence of Berlin and Saxon as well as the various southern German dialects can be seen.
The language is mostly expressive and is based on comparisons of images that are either accurate or exaggerated, mostly filled with negative meaning, for example "Puff" for any type of space, "(pig) pile" for the unit or " Hack “for work. The language in the verbs is dynamically interspersed, examples here are “swirling off”, “piling up” and “rushing off”.
According to Heinz Küpper, the Landserjargon is to be differentiated from today's Bundeswehr jargon . The current colloquial language of the Bundeswehr is "more moderate, less drastic and closer to the general colloquial language or more appropriate to the times of peace than the former national language of the First and Second World Wars."
Second World War
Since the outbreak of the Second World War, the language of the Landser spread in the everyday language of the civilian population and was also implemented in the written language . With the restriction to generalizations and together with the anti-science attitude of National Socialism , this led, according to the US Germanist Eugen Hartmuth Mueller, to an impoverishment of the German language.
During the Second World War, the national language developed in contrast to the language of National Socialism . On the one hand, there was a special vocabulary for the terms of the National Socialist environment (e.g. "Goldfasan" = highly decorated party official or military). On the other hand, Landser German turned further into the vulgar and was accordingly less euphemistic than the pathetic political language. The own war experiences are presented in a blunt, mostly coarse way, for example “spit on” for “shoot”. Obscene expressions were popular, especially those with sexual content. There were numerous expressions for the same thing, mostly pictorial and ironic . For example, the penis was described with words such as employer , can opener , bell handle, love bone, center striker , engine or pleasure root.
post war period
The local language did not disappear from German usage after the unconditional surrender of the Wehrmacht . Rather, the style mixed with dialect and colloquial expressions and found its echo in contemporary German, which it expanded through expressions and idioms . In the GDR , too, the national language had an influence on the NVA soldier's language there , into which, in addition to the typical job titles (“spit”), some National Socialist expressions (such as “ Kristallnacht ” for a binge of drinking) were used. The National Socialist encyclopedia was partly adopted without criticism, but partly also out of admiration for National Socialism, the Schutzstaffel and Adolf Hitler himself.
In German literature, the national language style was picked up by members of Group 47 , such as Heinrich Böll and Wolfgang Borchert . Among the critics of the use of Landsersprache in modern poetry belonged Wolf Dietrich Schnurre , himself the Landserjargon in his early short stories like The Burial used. For him, it was primarily about an aesthetic discussion. He saw the danger that the military language, the language of National Socialism and the common national language, could have an ideological effect. He justified his own use and that of his colleagues Böll and Borchert by saying that they had "defaced Nazi idiom and Landserargot to the point of uselessness".
“Even the language was no longer useful; the Nazi years and the war propaganda had made them unclean. It had to be painstakingly tapped again word for word. Caution was advised against every and, every adjective. The new language that emerged was not pretty. She looked panting and bald, and colloquial idioms and the distrust of long sentences had contributed to her. "
literature
- Heinz Küpper : At the A ... of the world. Landserdeutsch 1939–1945. Claassen, Hamburg, Düsseldorf, 1970, ISBN 3-546-45828-1
Individual evidence
- ↑ Werner Krauss: The escape into argot . In: Linguistics and history of words . Walter de Gruyter, 1997, ISBN 978-3-11-015136-7 , pp. 124 .
- ↑ Werner Krauss: The escape into argot . In: Linguistics and history of words . Walter de Gruyter, 1997, ISBN 978-3-11-015136-7 , pp. 125 .
- ↑ Gerhard Müller: Wooden eye, be vigilant! On the origin of this idiom from the soldiers' language of the 20th century. (No longer available online.) Official website, archived from the original on April 2, 2015 ; Retrieved January 17, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Eugen Hartmuth Mueller: The German Language of Today . In: The German Quarterly . Volume 25, No. 1 , January 1952, p. 40 .
- ↑ Werner Krauss: The escape into argot . In: Linguistics and history of words . Walter de Gruyter, 1997, ISBN 978-3-11-015136-7 , pp. 128 .
- ↑ WW Schuhmacher: Landserssprache vs. Warpath Language . In: International Journal of American Linguistics . Volume 45, No. 3 , July 1979, p. 277 .
- ↑ Werner Krauss: The escape into argot . In: Linguistics and history of words . Walter de Gruyter, 1997, ISBN 978-3-11-015136-7 , pp. 119 .
- ^ Klaus-Peter Möller: The true E. A dictionary of the GDR soldiers' language. Lukas Verlag for Art and Spiritual History, Berlin 2000. p. 134
- ^ Rüdiger Wenzke: Ulbricht's soldiers: The National People's Army 1956 to 1971 . Ch. Links Verlag, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-86284-206-3 , p. 474-478 .
- ^ Klaus-Peter Möller: The true E. A dictionary of the GDR soldiers' language. Lukas Verlag for Art and Spiritual History, Berlin 2000. p. 19
- ↑ Roderick H. Watt: "Landsersprache, Army language, Nazi language?" Victor Klemperer and Werner Krauss on the Linguistic Legacy of the Third Reich . In: The Modern Language Review . Volume 95, No. 2 , April 2000, p. 432 f .
- ↑ quoted from Roderick H. Watt: "Landsersprache, Army language, Nazi language?" Victor Klemperer and Werner Krauss on the Linguistic Legacy of the Third Reich . In: The Modern Language Review . Volume 95, No. 2 , April 2000, p. 434 .
- ↑ quoted from Roderick H. Watt: "Landsersprache, Army language, Nazi language?" Victor Klemperer and Werner Krauss on the Linguistic Legacy of the Third Reich . In: The Modern Language Review . Volume 95, No. 2 , April 2000, p. 435 .
