Ragged plowbill

Ragged plowbill
	Lobe plowbills, male above ; (color lithograph by JG Keulemans , 1904)
Systematics
Subclass :	New-jawed birds (Neognathae)
Order :	Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination :	Songbirds (passeri)
Family :	Eulacestomatidae
Genre :	Eulacestoma
Type :	Ragged plowbill
Scientific name of the family
	Eulacestomatidae
	Schodde & Christidis , 2014
Scientific name of the genus
	Eulacestoma
	De Vis , 1894
Scientific name of the species
	Eulacestoma nigropectus
	De Vis, 1894

The ragged plowbill ( Eulacestoma nigropectus ) is the only species of the genus Eulacestoma and the family Eulacestomatidae established in 2014 by Richard Schodde and Leslie Christidis . It occurs in New Guinea .

features

The rag plowbill reaches a body length of 12.5 to 14 cm and a weight of 19 to 22 g. It has a striking appearance and a deep, laterally compressed beak. The body is small and compact ovoid. The neck is short and thick. The wings and tail are medium in length.

The male is ocher-olive green on the top of the head and on the top. The forehead, face and shoulders are more gold in color. The reins are black. Two large, circular pink wattles that run from the beak to both sides of the throat are characteristic. The upper wings are soot-black or black-brown. The flight feathers are lined with olive-green. The wing covers are soot black. The tail is black-brown. The control springs are lined with olive-green. The chin and throat are yellow. The lower throat and chest are black with olive-colored feather edges. The rest of the underside is olive green. The iris is dark red-brown. The beak is soot-black. The medium-length legs are gray.

In the female, the upper side is ocher-olive, the underside light olive. The chest is banded slightly whitish, the iris brown and the beak gray. The wattles are missing.

In juvenile birds, the upper side is maroon, the wing covers are rust-red, the flight feathers and control feathers are fringed with maroon. The chest is gray with a rusty tinge. The immature birds are similar to the females, but they retain the wing covers of the juvenile dress.

Systematics

Eulacestomatidae is part of the superfamily Corvoidea in the suborder of songbirds . The only species of the genus Eucalestoma was traditionally placed in the family Falcunculidae ( thick-headed chickadee ) or Pachycephalidae ( thick-headed ). After a molecular analysis with large samples Knud Andreas Jønsson and his colleagues found Eucalestoma embedded in a large group of Corvoidea with Corvidae ( crows ), Laniidae ( Strangler ), Paradisaeidae ( Birds of Paradise ), Rhipiduridae ( fantail ) and Monarchidae ( monarch ) as sister groups . Marie Aggerbeck and her colleagues considered Eucalestoma to be a sister group of the mirror nuthatches (Neosittidae) based on 22 genes . However, the true relationships of this species are still unclear, and it appears that the ragged plowbill represents an ancient lineage that has no close living relatives in the Corvoidea subfamily. Within the clade Corvoidea, Eulacestoma is clearly separated from the other groups.

distribution

Their distribution extends in central and eastern New Guinea from the Weyland Mountains to the Owen Stanley Range in the southeast.

habitat

The Lappenpflugschnabel inhabits forests and adjacent areas with dense new growth, mainly at altitudes from 1950 m to 2850 m and locally up to heights of 1250 m in the southeast. It can often be seen in the lower and middle tree level, especially in the bamboo thicket.

Eating behavior

Ragged plowbills feed primarily on insects, which they collect from twigs and leaves. They also use their beak to remove bark by chopping and peeling and digging vigorously into bark and moss, leaning over the limbs to search the underside for prey. The ragged plowbill is often found in mixed flocks.

Reproductive behavior

Although very little is known about the brood biology of this species, it is believed that it is monogamous and practices biparental brood care. The clutch size, the nest and the breeding behavior are not documented.

literature

David W. Winkler , Shawn M. Billerman & Irby J. Lovette : Bird Families of the World , The CornellLab of Ornithology & Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, 2015. ISBN 978-84-941892-0-3 , p. 342
Jochen Martens & Norbert Bahr: Documentation of new bird taxa, 10 - report for 2014 In: Vogelwarte 54, 2016, pp. 195–230
Bruce M. Beehler, Thane K. Pratt: Birds of New Guinea: Distribution, Taxonomy, and Systematics. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey 2016, p. 383, ISBN 978-0691164243 .

Web links

Commons : Lappet plowbill (Eulacestoma nigropectus) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

^ KA Jønsson, PH Fabre, RE Ricklefs, J. Fjeldså: Major global radiation of corvoid birds originated in the proto-Papuan archipelago. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108 (6), 2011, pp. 2328-2333
↑ M. Agger Beck, J. Fjeldså, L. Christidis, PH Fabre, KA Jønsson: Resolving deep lineage divergences in core corvoid passerine birds supports a proto-Papuan Iceland origin. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 70, 2014, pp. 272-285.

[1] KA Jønsson, PH Fabre, RE Ricklefs, J. Fjeldså: Major global radiation of corvoid birds originated in the proto-Papuan archipelago. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108 (6), 2011, pp. 2328-2333

[2] M. Agger Beck, J. Fjeldså, L. Christidis, PH Fabre, KA Jønsson: Resolving deep lineage divergences in core corvoid passerine birds supports a proto-Papuan Iceland origin. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 70, 2014, pp. 272-285.