Running games

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The term running games in game pedagogy and game didactics summarizes all games in which fast movement is the focus of the game. Like the jumping games, the throwing games or the dance games, the running games belong to the genre of movement games . The singular name stands for a single game in this extensive category of games.

Historical

There are running games as long as and wherever people, especially children, follow their natural urge to move and play. They are detectable at all times and in all cultures. Historically documented and accordingly more clearly comprehensible in the European cultural area, they are at the latest with the representations on ancient Greek vases and since then the didactician Johann Amos Comenius , the philanthropists Johann Christoph Friedrich GutsMuths and Johann Bernhard Basedow or the gymnastics father Friedrich Ludwig Jahn have put them in writing. Comenius saw it in his well-read school and children's book Orbis sensualium pictus as a didactic basis for starting education from the motivation of the child. Guts Muths published it in his famous game book as a handout for the "gymnastics teachers" " for exercise and relaxation of the mind " of the children who were recommended to them. Jahn and his employees also used the running games as entertaining entertainment on the way with the children to the gym on Berlin's Hasenheide . Today, running games have their place in free children's play as well as in kindergarten, in physical education, in club sports and high-performance training.

Game thought

Running games are among the so-called "small games". These are characterized by a simple, quickly explained, easily understandable set of rules, which enables the players to start the game quickly. The game idea of the individual running game is often already recognizable from the special game name (" Hold the thief " or " Save yourself who can "). It results from the connection of running with a certain task and other play elements and thus achieves a large variety of play variants. Running games can be found in more complex contexts, but also in the so-called “big sports games”.

Manifestations

Free child's play

When playing freely, the running games grow out of the child's natural urge to move and play. They are already reflected in simple playful acts invented by the children themselves, such as pushing and running away, teasing and escaping, chasing, running and catching. In kindergarten or at children's birthday parties , the children also get to know running games such as the “ Plumpssack ” or the “Ox on the mountain - one, two, three!” , Which then sometimes become street games with neighboring children.

Physical education

In physical education in schools and clubs, the running games are used for didactic purposes. For the initial and warm-up phase of the sports lesson, sports teachers in schools, clubs and leisure events have a large repertoire of "small games" at their disposal, which are usually linked to running movements and reacting to the "compulsion to sit", creating an emotional readiness and physiological ones Serve preparation of the organism's performance. In this context they have a methodological function in favor of the psychological and physical attitude to the subsequent learning and work processes. Many of these games are already familiar to children from children's birthdays or leisure events.

Child-friendly names like "fox and rabbit", "cat and mouse" or "robber and gendarme" indicate in their title that it is about hunters and the hunted, about running in order not to be caught. Games like “Who is afraid of the black man?” Or “Save yourself who can” involve the entire playgroup in the action at the same time.

Fitness training

As part of the athletic advanced training, running games are particularly popular: “ Obstacle runs ” with game character in varied terrain offer entertaining opportunities to distract from the hard work of increasing fitness. The “ overtaking game ” lives from changes in tempo in the game with the training group. “ Time estimation runs ” playfully convey the feeling for different speeds. “ Pendulum relays ” integrate into a group and promote competition. It is part of the art of the teacher to balance the children's play instinct and the training requirements appropriately.

Great sports games

In the so-called "big sports games" soccer , handball or basketball , the skill level of sprinting and running forms the basis for success. Constantly being in motion, even without the ball, always working out new free spaces, creates the basis for a successful build-up of the game in the sense of the idea of ​​playing the opposing defense with quick moves, overruning it and thus achieving the desired goal or basket success get. Every player has to run a lot. In order to acquire the necessary stamina, the coaches usually fall back on entertaining running games, which are combined with characteristic features of the respective game and strengthen the team spirit.

Examples of didactic objectives

In the connection of running with other play elements and tasks, running games for training certain skills in play and sports have a wide field of application. This ranges from early childhood physical education to competitive sports:

  • Running & responsiveness

Come on - run away

In this game, the other players form a large circle with their face towards the center of the circle. A runner moves around the outside of the circle. If he taps one of the circle players on the back and shouts “come with me” or “run away”, he has to react accordingly and either follow the runner or run away in the opposite direction. Whoever arrives first at the free space can take it, the other becomes the new runner.

Day or night or white or black

Two parties face each other in the middle of a playing field about two meters apart. They are called “day” or “night” or “white” or “black”. The party called by a game master becomes the catcher, which the fleeing other party must have knocked off to a defined boundary line. In variations, the start can also be made from lying down or sitting.

  • Running & Skill
Egg run as a game of skill (England 2001)

Egg run

The egg run is about getting a hard-boiled egg (a table tennis ball or other object) on a tablespoon in a race with competitors safely and as quickly as possible over a finish line than the others.

Newspaper run

When running a newspaper, it is important to run with a newspaper in front of your chest so fast that it does not fall off.

  • Running & partnership

Tripod

In three-legged play, the right foot of one player and the left foot of another player are connected in pairs so that they can only walk together. In this constellation, races and fishing games can be organized.

Equipped with a social component, partner games can also be designed with a strong and a weaker, an older and a younger, a male and a female player in hand. Further variations of the game of " pair skating " lead to " piggyback running " or " chain catching ".

  • Run & Throw & Catch

The combination of running with objects such as sticks or balls and additional tasks leads to the most varied of "relay forms" and to more demanding games such as fire ball or batting , soccer or handball , in which, in addition to running, technical and tactical requirements are more important.

literature

  • Nicole Gebhardt, German Gymnastics Youth (Ed.): Stop the thief! Meyer & Meyer, Aachen 2015, ISBN 978-3-89899-905-2 .
  • Johann Christoph Friedrich Guts Muths: Games for exercise and relaxation of the body and mind . Hof 1796 (8th edition 1893).
  • Sieghart Hofmann: running games , trans .: Small Spiele-- treasure trove for physical education, grades 5-10 . Auer Verlag, Donauwörth, ISBN 978-3-403-06661-3 , pp. 16-64.
  • Harald Lange: running, catching and training. 110 games for schools and clubs . Limpert Verlag, Wiebelsheim 2003, ISBN 3-7853-1674-7 .
  • Sven Scheid: Game behavior, game content and game forms of today's school beginners - an empirical study , Wissenschaftliche Staatsexamensarbeit GHS, Karlsruhe 2000.
  • Werner Stuhlfath: Popular gymnastics games and joke exercises from all German districts . 3rd edition, Verlag Beltz, Langensalza 1928 (with a preface by FL Jahn) (9th edition 1937)
  • Siegbert A. Warwitz, Anita Rudolf: Moving through play - movement games , In: Dies .: From the sense of play. Reflections and game ideas . 4th edition, Verlag Schneider, Baltmannsweiler 2016, ISBN 978-3-8340-1664-5 , pp. 40-44.

Web links

Wiktionary: Running games  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Single receipts

  1. ^ Siegbert A. Warwitz, Anita Rudolf: Moving through play - movement games , In: This: From the sense of play. Reflections and game ideas . 4th edition, Verlag Schneider, Baltmannsweiler 2016, pp. 41–44
  2. ↑ Siegbert A. Warwitz, Anita Rudolf: How play comes about and why people play , In: Dies .: From the sense of playing. Reflections and game ideas. 4th edition, Verlag Schneider, Baltmannsweiler 2016, pp. 8-17
  3. ↑ Johannes Kühnel: New edition of Comenius' Orbus pictus. Klinkhardt, Leipzig 1910
  4. ↑ Johann Christoph Friedrich GutsMuths: Games for exercise and relaxation of the body and mind . Hof 1796 (8th edition 1893)
  5. ↑ Werner Stuhlfath: Popular gymnastics games and joke exercises from all German districts . Beltz publishing house, Langensalza 1928 (with a preface by FL Jahn)
  6. ↑ Nicole Gebhardt, German Turner Youth (ed.): Stop the thief! Meyer & Meyer, Aachen 2015
  7. ↑ Sven Scheid: Game behavior, game content and game forms of today's school beginners - an empirical study , Wissenschaftliche Staatsexamensarbeit GHS, Karlsruhe 2000
  8. ↑ Volker Döhring: Small games at the beginning and end of the sports lesson , 3rd edition, Limpert Verlag, Wiebelsheim 2017
  9. ^ Sieghart Hofmann: Laufspiele , In: Ders .: Small games treasure trove for physical education, grades 5-10 . Auer Verlag, Donauwörth
  10. ↑ Harald Lange: Running games between children's needs and training criteria. In: Ders .: running, catching and training. 110 games for schools and clubs . Limpert Verlag, Wiebelsheim 2003, pp. 7-27
  11. ↑ Johann Christoph Friedrich Guts Muths: Games for exercise and relaxation of the body and mind . Hof 1796 (8th edition 1893)
  12. ↑ Knut Dietrich u. a .: The big games: basketball. Soccer. Handball, volleyball . 7th edition, Meyer & Meyer, Aachen 2012
  13. ↑ Harald Lange: Running, Catching and Training. 110 games for schools and clubs . Limpert Verlag, Wiebelsheim 2003
  14. ↑ Nicole Gebhardt, German Turner Youth (ed.): Stop the thief! Meyer & Meyer, Aachen 2015
  15. ↑ Harald Lange: Running, Catching and Training. 110 games for schools and clubs . Limpert Verlag, Wiebelsheim 2003
  16. ↑ Harald Lange: Running, Catching and Training. 110 games for schools and clubs . Limpert Verlag, Wiebelsheim 2003