Genre

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Game genre (occasionally also game genre or Frenchized game genre ) is a technical term in game science for the systematization and categorization of the various forms of play . The term game genre is used to summarize games that have a common basic idea. Within each game genre or below this level, in turn, sub-forms are formed that are linked by a common, narrower game idea .

term

The term "genre" or "genre" is a so-called generic term , which in turn subsumes several so-called "sub-terms" . For example, the game genre “movement games” includes sub-forms with sub-terms such as “running games” or “jumping games”, which in turn are further broken down into “catching games” or “rope jumping games” and other related games. The single game, which is usually given its own name, is the starting point for this hierarchy . In the classification of computer games the foreign word "is sometimes Genre " preferred to the detailed presentation of the genre, see genre (computer games) .

character

A type of game is determined by its common basic idea that characterizes it and the resulting rules under which the games are designed. For example, the keyword “ adventure ” characterizes the genre of adventure games , that of luck the games of chance , that of the malice the heme games . The genres cannot always be clearly and completely differentiated from one another. Rather, due to the complexity of playing and the possibility of looking at it from different aspects, there are often overlaps between the defined genres. The genre classification only refers to the overarching core idea of ​​the respective game type. Classifications can, however, also be made under work-related aspects according to the style of play, the play area, the play equipment or other aspects.

Systematizations

For practical reasons, simple game collections for everyday use often simply organize their games according to play equipment ( ball games , spinning top games , dice games etc.), material (snow games, water games, sandpit games etc.), playground (outdoor games, indoor games, room games, board games, forest games etc.) ), stress form (thinking games, motion games , cooperative games , etc.), grouping ( partner games , party games , team games, etc.), playing intensity (contemplative games, Rauf games, fighting games, etc.), activity (craft Games, Drawing Games, running games, jumping games, etc.), organization (Circle games, pendulum games, hide-and-seek games, etc.), learning area (reading games, arithmetic games, placement games, etc.) or other everyday aspects.

The game scientists Siegbert A. Warwitz and Anita Rudolf systematize the abundance of possible game forms according to genre according to "meaning", that is, according to the respective central game idea . In their book “Vom Sinn des Spielens” they also explain how the changed “meaning” can change games in terms of their character and, accordingly, their affiliation to a certain type of game:

The simple game with the Preckel , for example, after its play device and its original use, initially belongs to the gyro games in the genre of movement games . A new meaning and a change in the idea of ​​the game can also turn it into a war game or an adventure game and thus assign itself to a different genre: If the Preckel is no longer only used for spinning as a dance button, but is placed in a competition with other Preckel, In which he can be lost to a competing player, the top game becomes a risky adventure game. When the toy is "armored" in order to protect it against "air attacks" by "enemy Preckel" who want to damage or even "destroy" it and playgroups compete against each other using this terminology to "fight a battle" for someone else's property To "conquer", the Preckel game becomes a war game.

The successful author Khaled Hosseini describes in his book " Kite Runner ", which was also made into a film, in detail the transformation of the kite game into an adventure game: The simple game with the kite that you climb and popular in western countries since Johann Amos Comenius dancing in the wind becomes an adventure game in which the dragons of different players fight with each other according to the traditional Afghan style of play, which is also practiced in Pakistan . Each player tries to get the strangers out of the sky with his kite by cutting their lines in a playful competition. The then falling strange dragon belongs to whoever reaches it first on the run. So there is a risk of losing your own kite, but also the chance to emerge victorious from the competition and win another valuable kite. The child rights activist Malala Yousafzai also mentions the game of her home country Pakistan several times in her autobiography , albeit without a differentiated account.

Generic examples

Without the - unaffordable - claim to completeness or conclusive classification, one can differentiate between the following game genres according to their respective overarching game ideas according to the science-oriented game literature:

Most games can be systematically classified under such categories and then scientifically analyzed, compared and evaluated. Catching games, running games, jumping games, games of skill, ball games belong to the movement games, the sight games, radio games, tactile games to the perception games, the dice games and card games to the games of chance or the video games, computer games, console games to the generic virtual games.

literature

  • Karl Josef Kreuzer (Ed.): Handbook of game pedagogy. Vol. I-IV. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1983/1984.
  • Johann Christoph Friedrich GutsMuths : Games for exercise and relaxation of the body and mind . Schnepfental 1796 (Berlin 1959)
  • Hans Scheuerl: The game. Investigations into its nature, its pedagogical possibilities and limits . 11th edition, Weinheim and Basel 1990
  • Siegbert A. Warwitz, Anita Rudolf: From the sense of playing. Reflections and game ideas. 4th edition, Schneider, Baltmannsweiler 2016, ISBN 978-3-8340-1664-5 .

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Siegbert A. Warwitz, Anita Rudolf: Sinngebungen des Spiel , In: Dies .: Vom Sinn des Spielens. Reflections and game ideas . 4th edition. Baltmannsweiler 2016, p. 37
  2. ↑ ICF Guts Muths: Games for exercise and relaxation of the body and mind . Schnepfenthal 1796
  3. ↑ Christoph Sonntag: Adventure Game - A collection of cooperative adventure games , 3rd edition, Verlag Ziel, Hergensweiler 2011
  4. ^ Siegbert A. Warwitz, Anita Rudolf: The development of a game from a game idea . In: Dies .: The sense of playing. Reflections and game ideas . 4th updated edition, Schneider, Baltmannsweiler 2016, pp. 161–166
  5. ↑ Khaled Hosseini: Drachenläufer , Berliner Taschenbuch-Verlag, Berlin 2003
  6. ↑ Malala Yousafzai, Patricia McCormick: Malala. My story , Verlag Fischer KJB, Frankfurt am Main 2014
  7. ^ Siegbert A. Warwitz, Anita Rudolf: Sinngebungen des Spiel , In: Dies .: Vom Sinn des Spielens. Reflections and game ideas . 4th edition. Baltmannsweiler 2016, pp. 37–125
  8. ↑ Hans Scheuerl: The game. Investigations into its nature, its pedagogical possibilities and limits . 11th edition, Weinheim and Basel 1990