Ball game

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Ball game in Rococo, copper engraving by Daniel Chodowiecki , 1774

As a ball game are games with a ball called. If the game is considered a sport , it is also called ball sport . Ball sports are also subsumed under ball sports .

Ball games are popular and known all over the world, especially as children's games , because they meet the children's desire to function, the urge to move and the need to socialize. In the field of education, because of their attractiveness, they are often used to train coordination skills , physical dexterity , the ability to react and improve stamina. However, adults also like to play ball.

Most ball games nowadays use an elastic, air-inflated PVC ball, which is washable and easy to throw and catch. But basically all types of balls can be used for ball games.

history

At the ball game, mural painting Castle Runkelstein

Ball games have been popular since ancient times and were widespread in Europe. Already Homer describes in the Odyssey , as Nausicaa , the daughter of Phaiakians -Königs Alcinous , and her maidens playing ball and doing the sleeping in a bush Odysseus wake. Ball games were played especially by the upper class, the nobility , and the bourgeoisie . At Runkelstein Castle near Bozen , a mural from around 1395 depicts a ball game similar to the dodgeball.

The Mesoamerican ball game of the Aztecs , which was also played by the Maya , Mixtec , Toltec , Totonak and Zapotec in Central America , had a cultic significance .

to form

Game didactics and game methodology differentiate between the so-called “ small ball games ” and the “big sports games”.

Small ball games

The “little ball games” are already practiced by small children: Rolling, throwing and catching a ball are among the first contacts with the play equipment. With increasing skill, the game with partners follows. Kick , juggle , footbag , wall games make increased demands. Party games such as batting , fistball or table tennis accompany the game during the entire school period. Bounce balls , soccer tennis , spider soccer or ball-over-the-string meet the basic need for movement and simple games during work breaks, on the beach, in holiday camps. In youth and adult training, the "little ball games" play an important role in preparation for the "big sports games". In physical education , they serve as warm-up games at the beginning of the lesson or as an emotional end to the lesson. At play festivals, they are the center of entertainment for all ages.

After all, small games are also often used as skill tests. Although tests have to meet the so-called quality criteria in order to be able to make reliable statements about the level of performance, but in sports games it is precisely the surprising, non-standardized that counts, the game situation is therefore not reliable, such tests (e.g. dribbling around slalom poles instead of around players) regularly used in sports practice to objectify performance development.

Great sports games

The so-called “great sports games” include game and sports science forms of games that follow a complicated set of rules and place high demands on the players' technical ability and fitness. In competitions, referees monitor compliance with the rules and ensure that the game is fair. The sports games soccer , volleyball , indoor handball , basketball or tennis are regarded as such “big ball games” . They are often organized in clubs and their level of performance can be increased to professionalism.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Siegbert A. Warwitz, Anita Rudolf: How games are made and why people play. In: Dies .: The sense of playing. Reflections and game ideas. 4th edition, Schneider, Baltmannsweiler 2016, pp. 8-17
  2. ↑ JCF Guts Muths: Games for the exercise and relaxation of the body and mind . Schnepfental 1796 (Berlin 1959)
  3. ↑ Homer, Odyssey 6,100-117
  4. ↑ Glyn Daniel: Encyclopedia of Archeology; a reference work with over 1800 terms, images, maps and plans. Nikol, Hamburg 1998, ISBN 3-930656-37-X , p. 65.
  5. ^ Siegbert A. Warwitz, Anita Rudolf: Moving through play. In: Dies .: The sense of playing. Reflections and game ideas. 4th edition, Schneider, Baltmannsweiler 2016, pp. 40–45
  6. ^ Volker Döhring: Little games at the beginning and end of the sports lesson. 2nd Edition. Wiebelsheim 2014
  7. ↑ Klaus Moosmann (ed.): The great Limpert book of small games. Exercise fun for young and old. 2nd edition, Limpertverlag, Wiebelsheim 2011
  8. ↑ Arnd Krüger, Dieter Niedlich: 100 ball game skill tests. (= Series of publications on the practice of physical education and sport. Volume 181). Hofmann, Schorndorf 1985

Web links

Commons : Ball Games  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Ball game  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations