Laurentiuskirche (Trebur)

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Laurentiuskirche seen from the Schwarzbach

The Laurentiuskirche in Trebur is a predominantly baroque church building, which probably goes back to the former palatine chapel of the Trebur emperor's palace . Parts of the church that have been preserved date from the early 11th century. This makes the church one of the few architectural testimonies from the Ottonian period .

Building history

The church has an apparently closed baroque appearance. By viewing the documents of the soil investigations of the Hessian building construction authority in Darmstadt by Wilhelm Diefenbach in 1934 and by Otto Müller in 1954, including documents not yet viewed, the Free Institute for Building Research and Documentation eV Marburg was able to gain a more differentiated picture of the building history of the church in 1991. Gottfried Kiesow's theory that the vestibule and the eastern transept originated from the second half of the 9th century and is therefore obsolete.

Accordingly, the church was originally a basilica with a three-aisled nave , an eastern, pushed-through transept and a semicircular apse at the end. The latest presumed date of origin by Michael Gockel around 870 could be specified by Magnus Wintergerst. The basilica was created as a scaled-down copy of the Frankfurt Salvator basilica, immediately after its consecration in 852.

Reconstruction of the Ottonian Laurentius Church after its construction, window according to findings

In the late Ttonian period (after 1000) a large part of the church was torn down, probably only the Carolingian nave remained in parts and was rebuilt following the foundations of the Carolingian predecessor building. In the west a west building was built in the form of a transept, which was separated from the nave to the north and south by means of massive arches. Analogies to this construction can be found in the east building of the Willigis Cathedral in Mainz and the west transept of the Heinrich Cathedral in Bamberg.

Remnants of the wall in the ground in front of the west building could come from a planned but unrealized west choir, or from an earlier atrium.

The transept and choir were rebuilt, with the choir probably being extended by a presbytery yoke and annexes added to the north and south. In terms of color, the building was probably reddish, as remnants of mortar with small bricks were found. It cannot be conclusively determined at the moment whether this church building already had a tower. In the course of the renovation, the translation of Laurentius relics is to be expected, whereby the church dedicated to St. Laurentius was consecrated.

At the beginning of the 15th century, the church was redesigned Gothic by increasing the west building and converting it into a vestibule. The Ottonian arches were narrowed and the pillars underneath were replaced. Gothic arches were drawn in towards the nave and the aisles, the angle of the roof was changed and led down to the aisle walls, so that a hall church was created. At this point at the latest, the church received a west tower and a roof turret over the crossing.

Another redesign took place in 1668–1680 by Johann Wilhelm Pfannmüller, who among other things built a new tower. However, this had to be replaced by the current tower in 1711 due to its dilapidation. From 1748–1752 the choir and nave were rebuilt by pastor Johann Konrad Lichtenberg, with the entire church being redesigned into a baroque sermon church.

Spolia

The Laurentiuskirche is characterized by a number of spolia . At the south-west corner at a height of 2.5 m there is a Roman consecration stone dedicated to the Celtic deity Virodacthis as a corner block, which was probably brought to Trebur from the area around Nida . In addition, there is a Roman stone with a floral pattern on the northeast corner of the transept and another Roman inscription stone on the southeast corner. In the north-west corner of the transept there is also a walled-in Carolingian fighter plate from the original building.

Furnishing

The furnishings include a wooden altar (around 1750) and the pulpit with the painting "The Good Shepherd" by Johann Conrad Seekatz (around 1800), a wooden crucifix and a wooden Luther statue with a swan (around 1752) by the Frankfurt sculptor Johann Daniel Schnorr. In the vestibule there is a baptismal altar made of marble (donated in 1758).

The organ is by Bernhard Dreymann from Mainz (consecrated on April 27, 1844). Two putti on the organ's towers come from the predecessor organ built by Johann Christian Köhler in 1751 . The organ was rebuilt in 1894 and restored in 1997/1998 and 2015.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Kiesow saw the existing building stock as Carolingian
  2. ↑ Gockel is based on the regesta of 870 at the latest
  3. ↑ Wintergerst p. 69, although he still follows Kiesow in ignorance of the IBD's construction investigation and starts from a vestibule
  4. ↑ CIL 13, 11944 .
  5. ↑ The representation follows Dehio with occasional additions from a website of the agency for visual communication in Groß-Gerau: "Laurentius Church in Trebur", URL: http://www.gg-online.de/html/laurentius_kirche.htm (26 September 2006).

literature

  • Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German art monuments. Hesse. Edited by Magnus Backes. 2nd Edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1982, ISBN 3-422-00380-0 , pp. 846-847.
  • Evangelische Kirchengemeinde Trebur (ed.): The organ in Trebur. Bernhard Dreymann's organ in the Protestant Laurentius Church. Trebur 1997. (no ISBN)
  • Gottfried Kiesow : Romanesque in Hessen. 2nd Edition. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1998, ISBN 3-8062-1350-X , pp. 258-260. (there also further literature)
  • Eduard Anthes : Römisch Germanisches Korrespondenzblatt 6 p. 93 (1913)
  • Magnus Wintergerst Franconofurt Volume I - The findings of the Carolingian-Ottonian Palatinate from the Frankfurt old town excavations 1953–1993 . Archaeological Museum Frankfurt 2007, ISBN 978-3-88270-501-0 .
  • Michael Gockel The importance of Trebur as a palace in the German royal palaces Third volume . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1979, ISBN 3-525-35377-4 .
  • Free Institute for Building Research and Documentation eV The building history of the Laurentiuskirche in Trebur, presented on the basis of historical written and image sources . Marburg 1991, no ISBN, owned by the community of Trebur and the Protestant parish of Trebur

See also

Web links

Coordinates: 49 ° 55 ′ 22.8 "  N , 8 ° 24 ′ 42.5"  E