Lid bubble frogs

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Lid bubble frogs
Physalaemus gracilis

Physalaemus gracilis

Systematics
without rank: Amphibians (Lissamphibia)
Order : Frog (anura)
Subordination : Neobatrachia
Family : Whistling Frogs (Leptodactylidae)
Subfamily : Leiuperinae
Genre : Lid bubble frogs
Scientific name
Physalaemus
Fitzinger , 1826
Physalaemus nattereri shows large eye-spots on the rump and marbling that resembles the appearance of a snake
Physalaemus biligonigerus also shows large eye spots
Physalaemus marmoratus with a striking pattern
Physalaemus spiniger on a leaf
Foam nest of Physalaemus biligonigerus
Foam nest of Physalaemus nattereri on moist soil. The tadpoles migrate to nearby waters after hatching

The Lidblasenfrösche ( Physalaemus , from Greek. Physa = bellows, bladder and Greek. Laima = throat) are a genus of Frog from the family of leptodactylidae .

features

The eyelid frogs are small to medium-sized frogs with a head-trunk length of 2 to 5 centimeters. Because of their pointed mouth, they are reminiscent of narrow-mouthed frogs , but they are not closely related to them. Your physique looks stocky. They can be brightly colored, and some species have large eye-spots on the back of their bodies which, together with a corresponding marbling and skin color, simulate the appearance of a snake or other reptile. This drawing is particularly pronounced in Physalaemus nattereri . Physalaemus marmoratus shows a similar pattern .

distribution

The genus occurs in northern and central Argentina , eastern Bolivia and western Ecuador , Uruguay , Paraguay , Brazil and Guiana, and southern Venezuela and southeastern Colombia .

Way of life

They colonize the leaf litter of primary and secondary forests or are ground dwellers in open terrain. In most cases, very small amounts of water are sufficient to lay eggs, e.g. B. Phytotelmata in plants or temporary bodies of water such as puddles. The eggs are laid in foam nests while the male is clutching the female , with the male using his hind legs to beat a secretion released by the female into foam. The eggs are fertilized by the male and wrapped in the foam, where they are protected from short-term dehydration and predators in the water. The foam nests can float on the water or hang onto plants. The hatched frog larvae leave the foam nest after around three days and are washed into ponds during the rainy season, where they find more food.

Systematics

External system

The genus Physalaemus was founded in 2006 after a revision from a molecular biological point of view by Grant et al. hived off from the family of whistling frogs together with other genera and recognized as an independent family Leiuperidae. In 2011, in their phylogenetic investigation of 2800 amphibian species , Pyron and Wiens assumed the monophyly of the Leiuperidae in its composition at that time as a given, but placed it again as a subfamily Leiuperinae of the whistling frogs. in addition to Physalaemus , this group includes the genera Edalorhina , Engystomops , Pleurodema and Pseudopaludicola .

species

The genus includes 49 species.

As of April 28, 2020

The species Eupemphix nattereri Steindachner, 1863 was named Physalaemus nattereri by Faivovich et al. classified in the genus Physalaemus , and the genus Eupemphix Steindachner, dissolved in 1863. Amphibia Web will keep it.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Physalaemus . In: Lexikon der Biologie, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 1999, accessed on December 15, 2017
  2. ↑ Eyelid Frog . In: Lexikon der Biologie, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 1999, accessed on December 15, 2017
  3. ↑ a b Darrel R. Frost: Physalaemus , Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York 1998-2017, accessed December 12, 2017
  4. ↑ Célio FB Haddad & José P. Pombal, Jr .: Redescription of Physalaemus spiniger (Anura: Leptodactylidae) and Description of Two New Reproductive Modes. Journal of Herpetology, 32, 4, pp. 557-565, December 1998 doi : 10.2307 / 1565210
  5. ↑ Walter Hödl: Amazonia from the frog's perspective. On the biology of the frogs and toads of the Amazon lowlands. Catalogs of the Upper Austrian State Museum, new series, 61, pp. 499–546, 1993 (PDF)
  6. ↑ Taran Grant, Marco Rada, Marvin Anganoy-Criollo, Abel Batista, Pedro Henrique Dias, Adriana Moriguchi Jeckel, Denis Jacob Machado and José Vicente Rueda-Almonacid: Phylogenetic Systematics of Dart-Poison Frogs and Their Relatives Revisited (Anura: Dendrobatoidea). South American Journal of Herpetology, 12 (s1), pp. 1-90, 2006 doi : 10.2994 / SAJH-D-17-00017.1
  7. ^ RA Pyron & JJ Wiens: A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2800 species, and a revised classification of extant frogs, salamanders, and caecilians. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 61, pp. 543-583, 2011
  8. ↑ CA Brasileiro & CFB Haddad: A new species of Physalaemus from central Brazil (Anura: Leptodactylidae). Herpetologica, 71, pp. 280-288, 2015
  9. ↑ F. Leal, FSF Leite, WP Da Costa, LB Nascimento, LB Lourenço & PCA Garcia: Amphibians from Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brasil. VI: A new species of the Physalemus deimaticus group (Anura, Leptodactylidae). Zootaxa 4766, 2, 3, pp. 306-330. doi : 10.11646 / zootaxa.4766.2.3
  10. ↑ Faivovich, J., NG Basso, CFB Haddad, MT Rodrigues, WC Wheeler, EO Lavilla & DP Ferraro: A phylogenetic analysis of Pleurodema (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences, with comments on the evolution of anuran foam nests. Cladistics, 28, pp. 460-482, 2012
  11. ↑ Eupemphix nattereri . AmphibiaWeb, description, accessed December 12, 2017

literature

  • Walter Hödl: Amazonia from a frog's perspective. On the biology of the frogs and toads of the Amazon lowlands. Catalogs of the Upper Austrian State Museum, new series, 61, pp. 499–546, 1993 (PDF)

Web links

Commons : Lidblasenfösche ( Physalaemus )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Darrel R. Frost: Physalaemus . In: Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York 1998-2017, accessed December 12, 2017