Limax cephalonicus

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Limax cephalonicus
Systematics
Order : Lung snails (pulmonata)
Subordination : Land snails (Stylommatophora)
Family : Schnegel (Limacidae)
Subfamily : Limacinae
Genre : Limax
Type : Limax cephalonicus
Scientific name
Limax cephalonicus
Simroth , 1886

Limax cephalonicus (by Fechter & Falkner, 1990 Limax carbonarius , there also called raven snail), is a slug from the family of snails (Limacidae), which belongs to the land snails (Stylommatophora).

features

Limax cephalonicus is stretched out and grows approximately 8 to 9 cm long (up to 12.5 cm). The body is stocky with a very short, not very prominent keel (less than a seventh of the body length) and a broad, pointed tail end. The coat takes up about 3/4 of the total body length. Most animals are blackish gray, blackish brown to glossy deep black. Occasionally there are specimens with slightly lighter sides, or specimens with a slightly lighter stripe on the center of the back and the keel. Many animals have darker and lighter spots that form a reticulated pattern. Here the middle of the coat is jet black, only the edge shows these spots. In these specimens, the keel is always a bit lighter. The sculpture of the skin is not very pronounced. Between the midline and the breathing hole (pneumostome), 22 to 25 wrinkles are developed. The sole of the foot is uniformly cream-colored, the edges of the sole are darkened. In not yet adult animals, the soles of the feet are ocher-colored. The mucus is usually colorless, but it can also be orange-red.

In the genital system, the penis is less than half the length of the body. It is slightly twisted, cylindrical and provided with a flagellum in young specimens. The retractor muscle begins about midway to two-thirds of the total length viewed from the base. The spermatic duct opens into the penis before the retractor is inserted. The apex forms a blind end (from the point of view of the retractor) and is drawn out in the form of a curved cone in adult specimens. In juvenile specimens, the end is shorter and rounded. In the penis there is a fold of tissue attached to the inner wall, which begins at about the level of the retractor and reaches about half the length of the penis.

Similar species

The species cannot be distinguished with certainty from the outside. Limax cephalonicus differs from Limax conemenosi and Limax graecus in that its penis length is shorter than that of these species. In Limax conemenosi , the insertion of the retractor muscle and the mouth of the spermatic duct are further apart.

Geographical distribution, habitat and way of life

Limax cephalonicus occurs in the mountains of northern and central Greece, in the south in individual occurrences up to the Peloponnese, Albania and Macedonia . The animals live there up to an altitude of 2000 m, e.g. T. to above the tree line.

The animals live in damp ravines in the mountains, in mountain forests, z. Sometimes also penetrating caves, under tree trunks and on stones and walls.

Taxonomy

The taxon was described by Heinrich Simroth in 1886 . The specimen came from the island of Kefalonia (Greece) and is now in the Malacological Collection of the Natural History Museum in Berlin. The somewhat older, infrasubspecific name Limax maximus var. Carbonarius Boettger, 1885, could possibly be an older synonym for Limax cephalonicus . However, it is unclear what Boettger actually meant by this name. The types are lost and new material has not yet been found despite searching at the Typicus locus . The description could also apply to other Limax types. According to Wiktor (2001), Limax corcycensis Simroth, 1905, Limax beieri Wagner, 1930, Limax scupicus Wagner, 1931, Limax kühnelti Wagner, 1940 are also synonyms of this species (after). The many synonyms are due to the great color variability of this species. However, the above taxa have been poorly studied and could possibly be species in their own right.

supporting documents

literature

  • Rosina Fechter and Gerhard Falkner: molluscs. 287 pp., Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990 (Steinbach's Nature Guide 10) ISBN 3-570-03414-3
  • Simroth, Heinrich 1886: About known and new Palaearctic nudibranchs. Yearbooks of the German Malacoological Society, 13: 311–342, Frankfurt / M.
  • Wiktor, Andrzej 2001: Fauna Graeciae. VIII. The slugs of Greece (Arionidae, Milacidae, Limacidae, Agriolimacidae - Gastropoda, Stylommatophora). 240 p., Natural History Museum of Crete & Hellenic Zoologic Society, Heraklion, Crete

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Fechter & Falkner (1990: p. 190)
  2. ^ Rähle, W. 1981: On the knowledge of Korfiotischer Limax species (Gastropoda: Pilmonata). Archive for Molluscology, 111: 37-41, Frankfurt / M.
  3. ↑ Fehér, Zóltan & Zóltan Péter Erőss 2009: Checklist of the Albanian mollusc fauna. Schriften zur Malakozoologie, 25: 22-38, Cismar / Ostholstein PDF ( Memento of the original from August 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.nhmus.hu
  4. ↑ Simroth, Heinrich 1886: About known and new Palaearctic nudibranchs. Yearbooks of the German Malacoological Society, 13: 311-342, Frankfurt / M. [Online at Biodiversity Heritage Library] (p. 329)
  5. ^ Matthias Glaubrecht 2010: (p. 329)
  6. ↑ Boettger, Oskar 1885: List of the gastropods collected in Thessaly. Yearbooks of the German Malacoological Society, 12: 158-200, plate 4. Frankfurt / M. Online at Biodiversity Heritage Library .
  7. ↑ a b Wiktor (2003: p. 66,68)
  8. ↑ Simroth, Heinrich 1905: About the Dr. Mrázek in Montenegro nudibranchs collected with the addition of related material. Meeting reports of the Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences, Mathematical and Scientific Class, 26: 1-25, Prague. Online at Biodiversity Heritage Library
  9. ^ Wagner, Hans 1930: XIV. Part. The nudibranchs. In: Beier, M. (1930): Zoological research trip to the Jonian Islands and the Peloponnese. Meeting reports, Academy of Sciences in Vienna, mathematical and natural science class, Division I, 139 (8/10): 555-558, Vienna (p. 556).
  10. ^ Wagner, Hans 1931: Diagnoses of new Limacids from the Natural History Museum in Vienna. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 95 (5/8): 194-202, Leipzig.
  11. ^ Wagner, Hans 1940: New contributions to the knowledge of the nudibranch fauna of the Balkan Peninsula, with special consideration of the Greek species. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, Pars Zoologica, 33: 137-152, Budapest. (P. 145)

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