Limnoperna fortunei
| Limnoperna fortunei | ||||||||||||
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Limnoperna fortunei colony on a piece of driftwood from the Salto Grande reservoir |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the subfamily | ||||||||||||
| Limnoperninae | ||||||||||||
| Scarlato & Starobogatov , 1979 | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Limnoperna | ||||||||||||
| Rochebrune , 1882 | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the species | ||||||||||||
| Limnoperna fortunei | ||||||||||||
| ( Dunker , 1857) |
Limnoperna fortunei is atype of mussel from the mussel family(Mytilidae). It is the only species of the genus Limnoperna , which in turn is the type genus and only genus of the subfamily Limnoperninae . Limnoperna fortunei is one of the few mussels that has penetrated fresh water. It was anthropogenic to South Americabefore 1989and has since spread massively in the major rivers of Argentina, Uruguay and southern Brazil.
features
Limnoperna fortunei has a comparatively small, elongated and egg-shaped housing with a curved or angled dorsal edge; it becomes about 6 cm long. The outline, however, is highly variable. The cases often have a keel that extends from the vertebra. The vertebra lies somewhat behind the anterior end, the lock with dysodontic teeth in front of and behind the ligament. The edges of the case are smooth. The periostracum is brownish. The shell has a typical golden brown color, which gave the species the name Golden Mussel in English . The inside of the bowl is pearly colored.
Geographical distribution and habitat
The species lives in fresh and brackish water. It was originally only native to a few rivers in China and probably Southeast Asia. Today it has been abducted to other regions of East Asia and is considered an invasive pest there.
It is possible that even today's distribution area in Southeast Asia (outside of China) did not belong to the original distribution area, i. This means that the species has already been introduced to these regions. It was described from Taiwan as early as the 1930s. In 1968 the species was introduced into the drinking water system of Hong Kong and caused some problems there with clogged pipes. It had been anthropogenic to South America before 1989. It is currently spreading further in South America.
Development and way of life
The species lives in slowly flowing waters, often several specimens are attached to a stone. The species is segregated. The sex products are released into the open water, where they are fertilized. Trochophora larvae develop from the eggs and form the first purely organic shell, the Prodissoconch I. The D-shaped Prodissoconch I reaches a length of about 115 µm. The trochophora larva quickly transforms into a plankton-eating Veliger larva that begins to form Prodissoconch II and has a size of 320 µm. The nepioconch reaches about 1.3 mm in size, it corresponds to the Plantigrad stage. In this phase of life the animals have a long, thin and highly mobile crawler foot, they use it to move on the ground. Then the dissoconch, the adult housing, is formed and the mussel is attached to the ground with byssus threads.
Taxonomy
The species taxon was set up in 1857 by Wilhelm Dunker as Volsella fortunei . The genus Limnoperna was proposed by Alphonse Trémeau de Rochebrune in 1882 . The type species is Dreissena siamensis Morelet, 1866 determined by the author; this species is a younger synonym of Volsella fortunei Dunker, 1857. The subfamily Limnoperninae was established in 1979 by Orest Scarlato and Jaroslav Starobogatov . The type genus and only genus of the Limnoperninae is Limnoperna de Rochebrune, 1882. A more recent synonym is Dreissena siamensis Morelet, 1866.
supporting documents
literature
- Demetrio Boltovskoy (Ed.): Limnoperna Fortunei: The Ecology, Distribution and Control of a Swiftly Spreading Invasive Fouling Mussel. Invading Nature Springer Series in Invasion Ecology, 10, XXXI, 476 S., Cham [u. a.], Springer International Publishing; 2015, ISBN 978-3-319-13494-9 ; ISBN 978-3-319-13493-2
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Márcia Divina de Oliveira, Alice M. Takeda, Luciano Fernandes de Barros, Domingos Sávio Barbosa, Emiko Kawakami de Resende: Invasion by Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker, 1857) (Bivalvia, Mytilidae) of the Pantanal Wetland, Brazil. Biological Invasions, 8 (1): 97-104, 2006. doi : 10.1007 / s10530-006-1833-0
- ↑ Juan M. Clemente and Ernesto Brugnol: First record of Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker, 1857) (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) in continental waters of Uruguay (Río Negro and Río Yí). Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay, 2. Epoca, 13: 29-33, 2002 PDF ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ William Dunker: Mytilacea nova collectionis Cumingiae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 24: 358-366, London (1856) 1857 Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 361/2)
- ↑ Alphonse Trémeau de Rochebrune: Supplement aux documents sur la faune malacologique de la Cochinchine et du Cambodge. Bulletin de la Societé Philomatique de Paris, serie 7, 6: 99-118, Paris 1882 Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 102/3)
- ^ Orest A. Skarlato, Jaroslav. I. Starobogatov, The Major Features of Evolution and System of the Class Bivalvia , Trudy Zool. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 80: (Morphology, Systematics, and Phylogeny of Mollusks), 5-39, Moscow 1979.
- ^ Arthur Morelet: Diagnoses de coquilles nouvelles de l'Indo-Chine. Revue et magasin de Zoologie pure et appliquée, serie 2, 18: 165-168, Paris 1866 Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 167/8)
