LineageOS

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
LineageOS
logo
LineageOS 16.0 start screen
LineageOS 16.0
developer LineageOS open source community
License (s) Apache and GPL ( free software )
First publ. December 25, 2016
Current  version 17.1 (April 1, 2020)
Kernel monolithic ( Linux )
ancestry Linux
↳ Android
  ↳ LineageOS
Architecture (s) ARM , x86
timeline 13.0 (Android 6.0.1)
14.1 (Android 7.1.2)
15.1 (Android 8.1)
16.0 (Android 9.0)
17.1 (Android 10.0)
Installation medium ZIP
Languages) Multilingual, including English and German
lineageos.org

LineageOS (from English lineage [ ˈlɪniɪdʒ ] for descent, lineage) is an operating system for smartphones and tablet computers . It is a modification of the free Android operating system developed by Google and the successor to the discontinued custom ROM CyanogenMod . LineageOS is free software and is developed by a community of volunteers who provide the operating system for free download.

background

On May 25, 2009, Steve Kondik published the Android modification CyanogenMod in the forum of the XDA Developers community , with Cyanogen being Kondik's username in this forum. This was further developed as a community project in the course of the following years and was very popular. In 2015, CyanogenMod was the most common community-based Android derivative with more than 50 million users worldwide .

In 2013, Steve Kondik received $ 7 million in funding from the venture capital funds Benchmark Capital and Redpoint Ventures with the aim of monetizing the commercial use of the operating system, for example for the factory installation of CyanogenMod by the hardware manufacturers of the corresponding smartphones. In this context, the startup company Cyanogen Inc. was founded by Kondik and led by its co-founder Kirt McMaster as CEO.

While Cyanogen Inc. was able to secure contracts with a number of hardware manufacturers, its attempt to commercialize the project failed due to problems of various nature. Internal disagreements also contributed to the failure. As a result, Cyanogen Inc. was fundamentally restructured by investors in July 2016, which in particular resulted in extensive layoffs. Among other things, the entire department for operating system development was dismissed. Furthermore, Kondik was hierarchically degraded. On October 11, 2016, CEO McMaster was fired and replaced by Lior Tal. On November 30, 2016, Kondik also left the company.

On December 23, Cyanogen Inc. officially announced the end of its services by December 31, 2016 at the latest, but assured that the source code would continue to be made available to anyone “who wants to build CyanogenMod personally ”.

Only one day later, on December 24th, 2016, some of the core developers publicly announced that they would fork the freely available source code of CyanogenMod and develop it further in the form of a new project. Like its predecessor, CyanogenMod, this should be done collectively and as free software. A day later, the community uploaded a copy of the CyanogenMod source code to GitHub , which is believed to be the LineageOS release date.

Due to the fact that Cyanogen Inc. had secured the trademark rights to CyanogenMod, a new name had to be chosen for the new project: LineageOS. Lineage means ancestry or lineage in English. This name was chosen deliberately in view of the origins of CyanogenMod.

On January 22, 2017, the first two official versions of LineageOS were released: Version 13.0 and 14.1, which are based on CyanogenMod 13.0 (Android 6.0) and 14.1 (Android 7.1) respectively, and the version numbering of CyanogenMod has been retained and has been continued ever since. Since then, smaller updates have appeared regularly as so-called nightly builds .

In March 2020, LineageOS had 1.71 million active installs.

development

LineageOS inherited many of the features from CyanogenMod. Gerrit will continue to be used to check the source code. When it comes to naming, LineageOS is based on the version numbers of CyanogenMod. Android 7.1 corresponds to LineageOS version 14.1.

The first official versions of LineageOS have been available since January 23, 2017, but initially only as a nightly build . In addition to the official versions made available by LineageOS, there are many unofficial ports based on this system. A common point of contact for developers of these unofficial versions is the XDA Developers forum .

installation

LineageOS can be installed on various Android smartphones that have an unlocked bootloader . A custom recovery (e.g. TWRP ) is started with the help of a tool such as Fastboot , with which the corresponding LineageOS installation package is then flashed . The LineageOS images bring no root - or superuser (- SU with) rights, as well as for licensing reasons missing the LineageOS versions any Google Apps ( Gapps ). The SU support and the GApps can, however, be downloaded as separate ZIP archives and installed in one flash with the help of a custom recovery.

history

LineageOS continues the numbering of CyanogenMod.

LineageOS major release Android version Build publication Notes / changes worth mentioning
Older version; no longer supported: 13.0 Android 6.0.1
(Marshmallow) 		Nightly Jan. 22, 2017 Based on CyanogenMod 13.0
Older version; no longer supported: 14.1 Android 7.1.2
(Nougat) 		Nightly Jan. 22, 2017 Based on CyanogenMod 14.1
Older version; no longer supported: 15.1 Android 8.1
(Oreo) 		Nightly 26th Feb 2018 Announced December 5, 2017
Older version; still supported: 16.0 Android 9
(Pie) 		Nightly 1st March 2019 Announced on September 17, 2018
Current version: 17.1 10.0.0
(Android 10) 		Nightly April 2, 2020 Announced April 1, 2020
Legend:
Older version; no longer supported
Older version; still supported
Current version
Current preliminary version
Future version

Usually, unofficial builds for some devices are offered on community sites (such as XDA Developers ) before the official release of the next version .

Spin-offs

Replicant is based on LineageOS, but does not contain any BLOBs and is therefore a free operating system.

Since November 3, 2017, the developers of microG have been providing a spin-off called LineageOS for microG , in which the free replica microG is integrated as an alternative to the proprietary Google libraries . By offering an offshoot, the necessary changes to the operating system kernel for microG can be made, which would not be possible through publication in the form of an app .

The smartphone operating system / e / is based on LineageOS and is supplied with microG .

In July 2019, unofficial developers managed to port LineageOS to the Nintendo Switch (so-called homebrew software). The project is called Switchroot .

Web links

Commons : LineageOS  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ https://lineageos.org/Changelog-24/
  2. ↑ Cyanogen now has more users than Windows Mobile and BlackBerry combined. Android Central, August 8, 2015, accessed September 12, 2015 .
  3. ^ With $ 7 million in funding, Cyanogen aims to take on Windows Phone
  4. ↑ a b Cyanogen Inc. will shutter Seattle office by end of year, more layoffs happening, Kondik could be out
  5. ↑ a b Cyanogen's Steve Kondik leaves the company; blames co-founder Kirt McMaster for failure
  6. ↑ Android alternative at the end: Cyanogen dismisses operating system developer Article on heise.de of July 23, 2016; Retrieved May 19, 2017
  7. ↑ Kirt McMaster steps down as CEO with Cyanogen moving to modular
  8. ^ Cyanogen services shutting down
  9. ^ A fork in the road
  10. ↑ LineageOS Downloads
  11. ↑ LineageOS Statistics
  12. ↑ https://www.lineageoslog.com/statistics
  13. ↑ Devices - LineageOS Wiki. In: wiki.lineageos.org. Accessed May 2, 2017 .
  14. ↑ About. In: twrp.me. Retrieved May 2, 2017 .
  15. ^ The Open GApps Project. In: opengapps.org. Retrieved April 28, 2017 .
  16. ↑ LineageOS SU Downloads. In: download.lineageos.org. Retrieved October 3, 2017 .
  17. ↑ LineageOS: Changelog 16 - Smart Styles, Treble is trouble and Omfg Oreo. Retrieved February 25, 2018 .
  18. ↑ LineageOS: Changelog 15 - Super Security, Gratifying Gestures, Resounding Recorder. Retrieved February 9, 2018 .
  19. ↑ LineageOS: Changelog 22 - Pushing Pie, Bracing Builds and Careful Calculator. Retrieved March 1, 2019 .
  20. ↑ LineageOS: Changelog 20 - Dynamic Dialer, Excellent Email, Capacious Clock. Retrieved November 20, 2018 .
  21. ↑ LineageOS: Changelog 24 - Tenacious Ten, Rad Recovery, Witty Wiki, and Terrific Themes! Accessed April 13, 2020 (English).
  22. ↑ https://www.xda-developers.com/lineageos-17-1-android-10-officially-available/
  23. ↑ Open source Android: LineageOS fork brings free Google services - Golem.de . ( golem.de [accessed September 15, 2018]).
  24. ↑ Homebrew version: Android is now also available for Nintendo Switch. July 29, 2019, accessed July 30, 2019 .
  25. ↑ heise online: Switchroot: Android for the Switch - with restrictions. Retrieved July 30, 2019 .