List of Superintendents and Superintendents General of Livonia

Although the Reformation had already gained a foothold in Livonia in the 1520s and 1530s, there was no central organization of the Protestant church system until the Livonian War (1558–1583). The Counter-Reformation was promoted in the Duchy of Livonia , which belongs to Poland-Lithuania . Only when the Swedes conquered large parts of Livonia from 1621 in the Polish-Swedish War and finally joined their empire as Swedish Livonia until 1721 could they appoint a superintendent who, together with a consistory, supervised the provosts and pastors. It was based first in Riga , later in Dorpat , where the consistory and the university founded in 1632 were also located, and from 1675 back in Riga. In 1674 the office was renamed to that of General Superintendent.

At first nothing changed in the church structures when the area was occupied by Russia from 1700 and in 1721 it was incorporated into the Tsarist Empire as the governorate of Livonia . The new statute of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Russia from 1832 also left the office of general superintendent, which existed until the territorial reorganization of the Baltic States in 1919.

Superintendent and General Superintendent in Swedish times

• 1622–1643: Hermann Samson
• 1648–1650: Johannes Laurentii Stalenus (1592–1651)
• 1650: Andreas Virginius (as Vice Superintendent)
• 1651–1656: Zacharias Klingius (1603–1671)
• 1660–1664: Johannes Gezelius the Elder
• 1665–1674: Georg Preuss (1619–1676)
• 1674–1699: Johann Fischer
• 1700–1701: Jacob Lang (1648–1716)
• 1701–1706: Nicolaus Bergius (1658–1706)
• 1707–1710 Gabriel Skragge (1660–1710)

General superintendent in Russian times

• 1711–1736: Heinrich Brüningk (1675–1736)
• 1736–1744: Jakob Benjamin Fischer (1684–1744)
• 1745–1770: Jakob Andreas Zimmermann (1706–1770)
• 1771–1777: Jacob Lange (1711–1777)
• 1777–1779: Christian Adolf Ludwig Dingelstädt (provisional)
• 1779–1798: Christian David Lenz
• 1799–1803: Johann Danckwart (1747–1803)
• 1803–1827: Karl Gottlob Sonntag
• 1828–1833: Karl Ernst von Berg (1773–1833)
• 1834–1855: Gustav Reinhold von Klot
• 1855–1864: Ferdinand Walter
• 1864–1865: Paul Carlblom (1803–1872)
• 1865–1881: Arnold Friedrich Christiani (1807–1886)
• 1881–1888: Heinrich Otto Reinhold Girgensohn (1825–1888)
• 1889–1900: Friedrich Hollmann
• 1901–1906: Gustav Axel Conrad Oehrn (1855–1922)
• 1906-1919: Theophil Gaehtgens

literature

• Liborius von Bergmann: Brief Biographical Messages from the Superintendent General of Livonia. Häcker, Riga 1814.
• Karl Eduard von Napiersky : Contributions to the history of the churches and preachers in Livonia, Volume 1. Häcker, Riga 1843, pp. 1–10.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Ernst Hj J. Lundström: Bidrag till livlands kyrkohistoria under den svenska tidens första skede. Från Rigas intagande 1621 till freden i Oliva 1660. Uppsala 1914, pp. 125–140.
2. ^ Ernst Hj J. Lundström: Bidrag till livlands kyrkohistoria under den svenska tidens första skede. Från Rigas intagande 1621 till freden i Oliva 1660. Uppsala 1914, pp. 140–147.
3. ↑ Eesti teaduse biograafiline leksikon. Vol: 3. N – Sap p. 2013 ( link to the pdf edition) , p. 738 f.
4. ↑ TLÜAR rahvusbibliograafia isikud - Jacob Lang. In: isik2.tlulib.ee. Retrieved August 13, 2019 (Estonian). 
5. ↑ TLÜAR rahvusbibliograafia isikud - Nicolaus Bergius. In: isik2.tlulib.ee. Retrieved August 13, 2019 (Estonian). 
6. ↑ TLÜAR rahvusbibliograafia isikud - Gabriel Skragge. In: isik2.tlulib.ee. Retrieved August 13, 2019 (Estonian). 
7. ↑ TLÜAR rahvusbibliograafia isikud - Jakob Benjamin Fischer. In: isik2.tlulib.ee. Retrieved August 13, 2019 (Estonian). 
8. ↑ Baltic Historical Commission (ed.): Entry on Zimmermann, Jakob Andreas. In: BBLD - Baltic Biographical Lexicon digital
9. ↑ TLÜAR rahvusbibliograafia isikud - Jacob Lange. In: isik2.tlulib.ee. Retrieved August 13, 2019 (Estonian). 
10. ^ Baltic Historical Commission (ed.): Entry on Danckwart, Johann. In: BBLD - Baltic Biographical Lexicon digital
11. ↑ TLÜAR rahvusbibliograafia isikud - Karl Ernst (von) Berg. In: isik2.tlulib.ee. Retrieved August 13, 2019 (Estonian). 
12. ↑ TLÜAR rahvusbibliograafia isikud - Paul Carlblom. In: isik2.tlulib.ee. Retrieved August 13, 2019 (Estonian). 
13. ^ Baltic Historical Commission (ed.): Entry on Christiani, Arnold Friedrich. In: BBLD - Baltic Biographical Lexicon digital
14. ^ Baltic Historical Commission (Ed.): Entry on Girgensohn, Heinrich Otto Reinhold. In: BBLD - Baltic Biographical Lexicon digital
15. ^ Baltic Historical Commission (ed.): Entry on Oehrn, Gustav Axel Conrad. In: BBLD - Baltic Biographical Lexicon digital